Research Progress of Long Non-Coding RNA in Tumor Drug Resistance: A New Paradigm

Jing Zhang1, Le Wu1, Chenchen Wang2

  • 1Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.

Insights

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) contribute to cancer drug resistance by affecting biological processes. Understanding lncRNA mechanisms is key to overcoming resistance and improving targeted cancer therapies.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Chemotherapy is a primary cancer treatment, but drug resistance remains a significant challenge.
  • Mechanisms of cancer drug resistance are complex and not fully understood.
  • Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are newly identified genomic elements involved in various cellular processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of lncRNAs in mediating resistance to targeted cancer drugs.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which lncRNAs contribute to drug resistance.
  • To provide a theoretical basis for developing novel targeted therapies against drug-resistant tumors.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes current research on lncRNAs and cancer drug resistance.
  • Focuses on studies investigating lncRNA expression and function in high-mortality tumors.
  • Examines genetic and epigenetic factors influencing drug response.

Main Results:

  • Abnormal expression of lncRNAs is implicated as a factor in cancer drug resistance.
  • lncRNAs influence critical biological processes, including transcription, epigenetics, and cell cycle regulation.
  • Genetic variations and polymorphisms in metabolic genes also impact patient treatment response.

Conclusions:

  • lncRNAs represent a significant area of study for understanding and overcoming cancer drug resistance.
  • Targeting lncRNAs holds promise for developing more effective cancer treatments.
  • Further research into lncRNA mechanisms is essential for advancing targeted cancer therapy.

Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
8.6K
Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
3.3K
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
7.6K
Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
6.3K
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
3.0K
Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions01:12

Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions

Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
When the tumor suppressor genes develop mutations or are lost, cells start growing out of control, leading to cancer. However, a single functional copy of the tumor suppressor gene is enough for the cells to maintain their normal functions and cell...
4.8K