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5-Fluorouracil-induced acute leukoencephalopathy: Case report and literature review
Hamid Ziani1, Siham Nasri1, Imane Kamaoui1
1Department of Radiology, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University Mohammed First, Oujda, Morocco.
Abstract:
Toxic leukoencephalopathy (TL) refers to damage to the brain white matter following exposure to toxic agents. Multiple agents are incriminated in this condition, including chemotherapy drugs. 5-Fluorouracil, widely used in oncology, is responsible for neurotoxicity in less than 5% of cases. We report the case of a 54-year-old male patient who presented with neurological symptoms following 5-FU-based chemotherapy for gastric adenocarcinoma, and whose MRI scan revealed signs suggestive of toxic leukoencephalopathy. We also report on the evolution of the abnormalities described on his MRI after 1 year.
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