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Related Concept Videos

Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
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Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

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Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
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Autoimmune Disorders01:29

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2025

Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats
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Preterm birth, a consequence of immune deviation mediated hyperinflammation.

Juan Wei1,2, LiYuan Zhang1,2, Heng Xu3

  • 1Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China.

Heliyon
|May 1, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Spontaneous preterm birth may arise from immune system dysregulation, impacting the maternal-fetal relationship. Understanding these immune changes and vaginal microbiome shifts could lead to better prediction of preterm birth.

Keywords:
Immune deviationInnate and adaptive immunityPredictive biomarkersPreterm birthProgesteroneVaginal microbiome and metabolome

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Reproductive Biology
  • Microbiome Research

Background:

  • Preterm birth is a complex condition with incompletely understood causes.
  • Successful pregnancy relies on a balanced maternal-fetal immune microenvironment.
  • Immune dysregulation, specifically abnormal immune transitions, may underlie spontaneous preterm birth.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the immunological basis of spontaneous preterm birth.
  • To explore the role of the vaginal microbiome in immune-mediated preterm birth.
  • To identify potential biomarkers for early preterm birth prediction.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on innate and adaptive immunity in preterm birth.
  • Analysis of studies linking vaginal microbiome alterations to immune changes and preterm birth.
  • Discussion of progesterone's role and its interaction with immune cells in preterm birth.

Main Results:

  • Innate and adaptive immune responses play a role in spontaneous preterm birth.
  • Vaginal microbiome dysbiosis can mediate immune changes contributing to preterm birth.
  • Altered progesterone and immune cell interactions are observed in preterm birth populations.

Conclusions:

  • Immune deviations, including insufficient tolerance and premature activation, can lead to unsustainable pregnancies and preterm birth.
  • Vaginal microbiomes and their metabolites show promise as predictive markers for preterm birth.
  • Further research into the immunologic etiology and biomarkers is crucial for early prediction and intervention.