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Related Concept Videos

Cognitive Development During Adolescence01:18

Cognitive Development During Adolescence

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During adolescence, individuals experience significant cognitive development that enhances their understanding of others' emotions and thoughts, known as cognitive empathy. This period is marked by an increased ability to adapt to others' perspectives and a more nuanced understanding of others' mental states, a skill that is foundational for social problem-solving and conflict avoidance. The development of cognitive empathy relies heavily on the theory of mind — the...
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Information Processing Approach01:30

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The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
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Cognitive Development During Adulthood01:30

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Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
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Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development emphasizes the role of thinking in a child's learning process, suggesting that children are naturally curious about their environment. His approach to development is discontinuous, proposing that cognitive abilities progress through distinct stages, each with unique characteristics. Central to Piaget's theory is schemata—mental structures that allow individuals to understand and interpret the world.
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Erikson's Theory on Socioemotional Development during Adolescence01:17

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Erik Erikson's fifth stage of psychosocial development, "identity versus role confusion," is crucial during adolescence (ages 12 to 18). In this stage, adolescents face the developmental task of forging a distinct personal identity, a process influenced by social, psychological, and biological changes typical of this period. Adolescents naturally explore different roles, behaviors, and ideologies as they navigate complex questions of self-concept, asking, "Who am I?" and...
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The formal operational stage, as described in Piaget's cognitive development theory, begins around age 11 and extends into adulthood. It marks the emergence of advanced cognitive abilities that differentiate adolescent and adult thinking from those of younger children. This stage is characterized by abstract reasoning, hypothetical-deductive reasoning, and a more complex understanding of self and others.
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Social Protection and Foundational Cognitive Skills during Adolescence: Evidence from a Large Public Works Program.

Richard Freund1,2, Marta Favara3,4, Catherine Porter5,6

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Summary

Public works programs (PWPs) can improve children's cognitive skills. Participation in Ethiopia's Productive Safety Net Programme (PSNP) in childhood was linked to better long-term and implicit memory, benefiting child development.

Keywords:
EthiopiaPSNPexecutive functionfoundational cognitive skillspublic works programs

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Public Policy
  • Economics

Background:

  • Public works programs (PWPs) are poverty-reduction tools in low- and middle-income countries.
  • Understanding the long-term impacts of PWPs on child development is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between childhood participation in public works programs and cognitive skill development.
  • To examine the specific cognitive domains affected by the Productive Safety Net Programme (PSNP) in Ethiopia.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized unique tablet-based data from a long-standing longitudinal survey.
  • Analyzed associations between childhood PSNP participation and cognitive skills, including long-term memory, implicit learning, and working memory.

Main Results:

  • Positive associations found between childhood PSNP participation and long-term memory and implicit learning.
  • Suggestive evidence for a positive association with working memory.
  • Strongest effects observed for children whose households remained PSNP participants.

Conclusions:

  • Childhood exposure to PWPs, like Ethiopia's PSNP, can enhance foundational cognitive skills.
  • Mechanisms may include reduced child labor and remediation of nutritional deficits.
  • PWPs show potential for improving cognitive development alongside poverty reduction.