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Related Concept Videos

The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

6.6K
Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2025

Studying the Effects of Tumor-Secreted Paracrine Ligands on Macrophage Activation using Co-Culture with Permeable Membrane Supports
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The immunosuppressive landscape in tumor microenvironment.

Wuyi Liu1, Huyue Zhou1, Wenjing Lai1

  • 1Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, 83 Xinqiao Road, Shapingba, Chongqing, China.

Immunologic Research
|May 1, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Cancer immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) shows promise, but many patients still don't respond. This review explores immune inhibitory factors in the tumor microenvironment to improve ICI therapy effectiveness.

Keywords:
Immune checkpoint inhibitorsImmune responseImmunotherapyTumor microenvironment

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Cancer immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has transformed patient outcomes.
  • However, a significant number of patients do not respond to current ICI treatments, highlighting unmet clinical needs.
  • The tumor microenvironment plays a crucial role in modulating immune responses against cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize recent studies and insights into immune inhibitory factors within the tumor microenvironment.
  • To provide an updated landscape of the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment.
  • To identify potential new strategies for overcoming resistance to cancer immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive review of advanced studies and the latest scientific literature.
  • In-depth analysis of immune inhibitory factors and their mechanisms.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment.

Main Results:

  • Identified key immune inhibitory factors contributing to therapeutic resistance.
  • Detailed the complex interplay of cellular and molecular components within the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.
  • Highlighted novel targets and approaches for modulating the tumor microenvironment.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding immune inhibitory factors is critical for improving ICI efficacy.
  • Targeting the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment offers promising strategies to enhance cancer immunotherapy.
  • Further research in this area may lead to better clinical outcomes for cancer patients.