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Effectiveness of Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir for the Prevention of COVID-19-Related Hospitalization and Mortality: A
Ashley S Cha-Silva1, Meghan B Gavaghan1, Tobias Bergroth2
1Pfizer, New York, NY.
American Journal of Therapeutics
|May 1, 2024
Summary
Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (NMV/r) significantly reduces COVID-19 hospitalization and death in high-risk patients. This oral antiviral is effective across diverse patient groups and follow-up durations, confirming its value in real-world settings.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Pharmacology
- Public Health
Background:
- Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (NMV/r) is an oral antiviral for mild-to-moderate COVID-19 in high-risk individuals aged 12+.
- Despite being a preferred outpatient treatment globally, NMV/r is underutilized in clinical practice.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review real-world evidence on NMV/r effectiveness against hospitalization and mortality.
- To organize findings by patient demographics and follow-up duration to inform healthcare decisions.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature review of Embase, PubMed, and congress abstracts (December 2021-March 2023).
- Inclusion of 18 real-world studies assessing NMV/r effectiveness.
Main Results:
- NMV/r significantly reduced all-cause and COVID-19-related hospitalization and mortality (acute: 21%-92%; longer-term: 1%-61%).
- Effectiveness was higher when treatment initiated within 5 days of symptom onset.
- Real-world effectiveness was consistent across age groups, underlying conditions, and vaccination status.
Conclusions:
- NMV/r demonstrates effectiveness in preventing hospitalization and mortality during the Omicron period for high-risk COVID-19 patients.
- Findings support NMV/r as a valuable tool for managing severe COVID-19 outcomes in real-world settings.
