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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2025

Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Visualization in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer
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Thyroid abnormalities identified on CT screening for lung cancer.

Maaike van Gerwen1, Teng Ma2, Rowena Yip3

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Institute for Translational Epidemiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.

Clinical Imaging
|May 1, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Incidental thyroid nodules (ITNs) are common in lung cancer screening CT scans. No malignancies were found among these nodules, though predictors like breast density were identified in females.

Keywords:
CT scanScreeningThyroid cancerThyroid nodules

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Area of Science:

  • Radiology
  • Oncology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Incidental thyroid nodules (ITNs) are frequently observed as extrapulmonary findings during low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) for lung cancer screening.
  • Understanding the prevalence, characteristics, and malignancy potential of ITNs is crucial for effective patient management and reducing unnecessary follow-ups.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the frequency of ITNs on baseline and repeat LDCT scans.
  • To assess the malignancy rate of incidentally detected thyroid nodules.
  • To identify demographic, clinical, and CT-related predictors associated with ITNs.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 2309 participants in the MS-ELCAP LDCT lung screening program (2010-2016).
  • Evaluation of ITN frequency on baseline and annual repeat LDCT scans.
  • Multivariable regression analysis to identify significant predictors of ITNs.

Main Results:

  • ITNs were detected in 2.5% of participants at baseline and 0.15% on annual repeat scans.
  • Newly detected ITNs were small (<15 mm), suggesting slow growth.
  • In females, increased age, coronary artery calcification, and breast density were significant predictors for ITNs; no predictors were found for males.

Conclusions:

  • ITNs are commonly detected on LDCT scans for lung cancer screening, but malignancy is rare.
  • Predictors for ITNs in females, such as breast density, suggest potential shared etiological factors.