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M2 macrophages participate in ILC2 activation induced by Helicobacter pylori infection

Ruyi Peng1,2,3, Canxia Xu4,5, Linfang Zhang6

  • 1Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.

Gut Microbes
|May 2, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Helicobacter pylori infection activates Group 2 innate lymphocytes (ILC2) via macrophages. Macrophages upregulate indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), promoting M2 polarization and Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin (TSLP) secretion, which then activates ILC2.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Helicobacter pylori infection is linked to various gastric diseases.
  • Host immune responses, particularly type-2 immunity involving Group 2 innate lymphocytes (ILC2), play a role in disease progression.
  • The precise mechanisms by which H. pylori infection activates ILC2 remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanism by which H. pylori infection induces ILC2 activation.
  • To investigate the role of macrophages in H. pylori-induced ILC2 responses.
  • To identify key molecular mediators involved in this immune crosstalk.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a mouse model of H. pylori infection.
  • Analyzed macrophage activation and polarization.
  • Assessed ILC2 populations and activation markers.
  • Measured indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin (TSLP) expression.

Main Results:

  • Macrophages were identified as essential for H. pylori-induced ILC2 activation.
  • H. pylori infection upregulated IDO expression in macrophages, driving M2 polarization.
  • M2-polarized macrophages secreted TSLP, a crucial cytokine for ILC2 activation.
  • This pathway contributes to type-2 immunity during H. pylori infection.

Conclusions:

  • H. pylori infection activates ILC2 through a macrophage-dependent pathway.
  • IDO-mediated M2 polarization of macrophages and subsequent TSLP secretion are critical steps.
  • Understanding this mechanism offers insights into H. pylori-related gastric pathology and potential therapeutic targets.
Keywords:
Group 2 innate lymphoid cellsHelicobacter pyloriM2 macrophages

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