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Related Concept Videos

Blood Flow01:29

Blood Flow

Blood is pumped by the heart into the aorta, the largest artery in the body, and then into increasingly smaller arteries, arterioles, and capillaries. The velocity of blood flow decreases with increased cross-sectional blood vessel area. As blood returns to the heart through venules and veins, its velocity increases. The movement of blood is encouraged by smooth muscle in the vessel walls, the movement of skeletal muscle surrounding the vessels, and one-way valves that prevent backflow.
Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Blood Flow-Limited Versus Diffusion-Limited Models00:57

Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Blood Flow-Limited Versus Diffusion-Limited Models

Physiological pharmacokinetic models, often called flow-limited or perfusion models, typically assume a swift drug distribution between tissue and venous blood, creating a rapid drug equilibrium. This premise is based on the idea that drug diffusion is extremely fast, and the cell membrane presents no barrier to drug permeation. In this scenario, where no drug binding occurs, the drug concentration in the tissue equals that of the venous blood leaving the tissue. This greatly simplifies the...
Applications of Integration to Find Blood Flow01:27

Applications of Integration to Find Blood Flow

Blood flow through a cylindrical blood vessel can be mathematically described using the principles of laminar flow, a regime in which fluid moves smoothly in parallel layers. In this model, the velocity of the blood is not uniform across the cross-section of the vessel; rather, it varies with the radial distance from the center. The maximum velocity occurs along the central axis, decreasing progressively toward the vessel walls, where it reaches zero due to viscous drag.Approximating Blood...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Experimental Investigation of Secondary Flow Structures Downstream of a Model Type IV Stent Failure in a 180° Curved Artery Test Section
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Numerical analysis of blood flow through stenosed microvessels using a multi-phase model

Yuhong Zhao1, Jue Xie1

  • 1Department of Blood Transfusion, The Frist Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.

Heliyon
|May 2, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This study models red blood cells as a continuous phase to simulate blood flow in microvessels. Increased velocity and hematocrit thicken the cell-rich layer and increase wall shear stress in stenosed vessels.

Keywords:
Blood flowMicrovesselStenosisVolume fractionWall shear stress

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Computational Fluid Dynamics
  • Hemodynamics

Background:

  • Blood flow in arterioles is clinically significant but computationally challenging due to red blood cell (RBC) behavior.
  • Understanding fluid-structure interactions is crucial for modeling blood flow in microcirculation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a multi-phase computational model representing RBCs as a continuous non-Newtonian phase.
  • To investigate blood flow dynamics within stenosed microvessels under varying conditions.

Main Methods:

  • A multi-phase model was developed, treating red blood cells as a continuous non-Newtonian fluid phase.
  • The model was validated using flow simulations in a channel with sudden expansion.
  • Simulations were performed for blood flow in a stenosed microvessel with varied inlet velocities and hematocrits.

Main Results:

  • Increased inlet velocity amplitude and hematocrit resulted in a longer, thicker cell-rich layer downstream of the stenosis.
  • Maximum wall shear stress values were found to increase with higher inlet velocity amplitudes and hematocrits.
  • The study confirmed the model's validity and provided insights into stenosed vessel hemodynamics.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed computational model accurately represents blood flow in microvessels, particularly in stenosed conditions.
  • Findings highlight the impact of velocity and hematocrit on flow patterns and wall shear stress.
  • This model offers valuable insights for understanding and potentially treating vascular diseases.