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Mumps vaccination and immune status among Japanese university students: A multicenter cross-sectional study
Jiro Takeuchi1, Iwata Ozaki2, Kokichi Hata3
1Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan.
Background:
During the mumps outbreak in Japan in 2016, 159,031 cases were reported. In a survey conducted in 2015, mumps vaccination rates for the first dose were 30%-40%. However, the rates for two or more doses were not determined. We assessed the mumps vaccination rates and mumps infection prevalence according to vaccine doses received.
Design And Methods:
This was a multicenter cross-sectional study. Students from three universities participated in 2019. Informed consent was obtained from the students and their guardians. The primary outcome was the prevalence of breakthrough mumps infection according to the number of doses of vaccine received. We collected data on past illnesses of vaccine-preventable diseases and vaccination history using a questionnaire, photocopies of the Maternal and Child Health Handbook from the guardians, and virus antibody titers from the universities' health centers.
Results:
This study assessed 2004 eligible students and included 593 (29.6%); of these, 250 (42.7%) had a mumps infection history. Furthermore, 264 (44.6%), 31 (5.2%), and 2 (0.3%) students received the first, second, and third doses of mumps vaccine, respectively. The mumps seropositivity prevalence was 43.2% (n = 127), 36.7% (n = 97), 26.7% (n = 8), and 100% (n = 2) for the no-, first-, second-, and third-dose groups, respectively (p for trend = 0.09). The mumps infection prevalence rates were 69.8% (n = 203), 11.3% (n = 28), 3.9% (n = 1), and 0% for the no-, first-, second-, and third-dose groups, respectively.
Conclusions:
Approximately 1 in 10 students who had received only one dose of mumps-containing vaccine had a breakthrough infection history.
Insights
Mumps vaccination rates were assessed during a 2016 outbreak. Breakthrough mumps infections were prevalent in about 1 in 10 students receiving only one dose of the mumps vaccine.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Immunology
- Public Health
Background:
- Japan experienced a significant mumps outbreak in 2016 with over 159,000 cases.
- Mumps vaccination rates in 2015 showed 30%-40% received at least one dose, but rates for multiple doses were unknown.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine mumps vaccination rates among university students.
- To assess the prevalence of mumps infection based on the number of vaccine doses received.
Main Methods:
- A multicenter cross-sectional study involving university students in 2019.
- Data collected via questionnaires, health records, and virus antibody titers.
- Primary outcome: prevalence of breakthrough mumps infection by vaccine dose number.
Main Results:
- Of 593 participants, 42.7% had a history of mumps infection.
- Vaccination rates: 44.6% received one dose, 5.2% received two doses, and 0.3% received three doses.
- Mumps infection prevalence decreased with more vaccine doses: 69.8% (no dose), 11.3% (one dose), 3.9% (two doses), and 0% (three doses).
Conclusions:
- Mumps infection was significantly less common in students who received two or more vaccine doses.
- Approximately 10% of students with one mumps vaccine dose experienced breakthrough infections.
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