Development and Validation of USM-Insulin Adherence Module for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Diabetes Management
• Patient Education

Background:

• Many type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients struggle with glycaemic control despite insulin treatment.
• Poor understanding of insulin therapy and negative patient perceptions contribute to non-adherence.
• An educational intervention is needed to improve patient adherence to insulin.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and validate an educational module for enhancing insulin therapy adherence in T2DM patients.
• To address patient knowledge gaps and negative attitudes towards insulin.
• To create a resource for improving glycaemic control through better adherence.

Main Methods:

• A mixed-methods design was employed, involving literature search and focus group discussions (FGDs).
• The Universiti Sains Malaysia-Insulin Adherence Module (USM-IAM) was developed based on FGDs and expert review.
• Content and face validation were conducted by specialists and the target patient population.

Main Results:

• Thirty-six participants were involved in FGDs, with data saturation achieved.
• Three key themes from qualitative analysis were integrated into the five-unit USM-IAM.
• The module achieved a high content validity index (CVI) of 0.92 and strong face validity (86%-97%).

Conclusions:

• The USM-IAM demonstrates excellent content validity and face validity, exceeding established benchmarks.
• The module is a promising educational resource for improving patient adherence to insulin therapy.
• Effective patient education is crucial for optimizing insulin treatment outcomes in T2DM.