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Computer-Assisted Surgery in Total Knee Arthroplasty: Our Experience.

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Computer-assisted surgery for total knee arthroplasty (CAS-TKA) ensures precise alignment, improving outcomes regardless of patient BMI or knee deformity. This technology enhances accuracy in orthopedic procedures.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Medical Technology
  • Biomechanical Engineering

Background:

  • Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a successful treatment for knee osteoarthritis, with a 15-year success rate of 90%.
  • Computer-assisted surgery (CAS) aims to enhance the precision of component alignment and orientation during TKA.
  • Accurate alignment is crucial for the long-term success and functional outcomes of TKA.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of CAS in achieving accurate coronal alignment in TKA.
  • To assess the impact of patient factors, such as BMI and pre-operative deformity, on CAS-TKA outcomes.
  • To analyze post-operative alignment and functional scores in patients undergoing CAS-TKA.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective study of 103 patients undergoing CAS-TKA over 3 years.
  • Assessment of pre- and post-operative varus/valgus deformity, BMI, comorbidities, and Knee Society Score (KSS).
  • Statistical analysis using Spearman correlation and chi-squared tests to examine outcomes like KSS, alignment, and complications.

Main Results:

  • The study included 103 TKA patients (mean age 63.7 years); 54.3% had unilateral and 45.6% bilateral TKA.
  • 34.8% of patients were obese, and 31.3% had severe pre-operative deformity (>15°).
  • CAS-TKA consistently achieved coronal alignment within ±3°, with similar post-operative KSS scores across different BMI and deformity groups.

Conclusions:

  • CAS-TKA reliably achieves excellent coronal alignment in the knee joint.
  • The accuracy of CAS-TKA is not significantly affected by patient BMI or the degree of pre-operative deformity.
  • Navigation in CAS-TKA contributes to consistent and accurate component placement, supporting favorable patient outcomes.