Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Exceptions to the Octet Rule

Exceptions to the Octet Rule

Many covalent molecules have central atoms that do not have eight electrons in their Lewis structures. These molecules fall into three categories:

Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes

Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes

In addition to the oxymercuration–demercuration method, which converts the alkenes to alcohols with Markovnikov orientation, a complementary hydroboration-oxidation method yields the anti-Markovnikov product. The hydroboration reaction, discovered in 1959 by H.C. Brown, involves the addition of a B–H bond of borane to an alkene giving an organoborane intermediate. The oxidation of this intermediate with basic hydrogen peroxide forms an alcohol.

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Fluorination and Iodination of Benzene

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Fluorination and Iodination of Benzene

Bromination and chlorination of aromatic rings by electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions are easily achieved, but fluorination and iodination are difficult to achieve. Fluorine is so reactive that its reaction with benzene is difficult to control, resulting in poor yields of monofluoroaromatic products. To address this, Selectfluor reagent is used as a fluorine source in which a fluorine atom is bonded to a positively charged nitrogen.

Radical Substitution: Hydrogenolysis of Alkyl Halides with Tributyltin Hydride

Radical Substitution: Hydrogenolysis of Alkyl Halides with Tributyltin Hydride

Radical substitution reactions can be used to remove functional groups from molecules. The hydrogenolysis of alkyl halides is one such reaction, where the weak Sn–H bond in tributyltin hydride reacts with alkyl halides to form alkanes. Here, the reagent Bu3SnH yields tributyltin halide as a byproduct.
The bonds formed in this reaction are stronger than the bonds broken, making it energetically favorable. The reaction follows a radical chain mechanism similar to radical halogenation reactions,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Electroacupuncture attenuates anesthesia/surgery-induced cognitive impairment in aged rats by inhibiting IL-17A mediated hippocampal synaptic dysfunction via the ERK/CREB signaling pathway.

Brain research bulletin·2026

Same author

Identification and validation of candidate biomarkers associated with mitochondria and 18 types of programmed cell death in trigeminal neuralgia: insights from transcriptome sequencing.

Frontiers in molecular neuroscience·2026

Same author

A multimodal prediction framework for colorectal cancer peritoneal metastasis: CT-based tumor and adipose tissue analysis.

Abdominal radiology (New York)·2026

Same author

Steric-hindrance engineering-induced formation of closed pores enhances sodium storage capacity in starch-derived hard carbon.

Journal of colloid and interface science·2026

Same author

Author Correction: Ultrasensitive Ribo-seq reveals translational landscapes during mammalian oocyte-to-embryo transition and pre-implantation development.

Nature cell biology·2026

Same author

Effects of voltage-gated sodium channels on the median effective dose of ropivacaine in diabetic rats.

Scientific reports·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques

Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques

Published on: November 11, 2013

Enabling Ultrastable Co-Free Li-Rich Oxides via TbF₃ Treatment.

Zhaojin Li¹, Wei Song¹, Di Zhang¹

¹Hebei Key Laboratory of Flexible Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Hebei 050018, China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

|May 2, 2024

Summary

Dual doping of Co-free Li-rich Mn-based cathode materials with F and Tb enhances structural stability and capacity retention in lithium-ion batteries, achieving 95.1% retention after 300 cycles.

Keywords:

Co-free Li-rich Mn-based cathode materials F doping Oxygen vacancies Tb doping

More Related Videos

$In Situ Neutron Powder Diffraction Using Custom-made Lithium-ion Batteries$

In Situ Neutron Powder Diffraction Using Custom-made Lithium-ion Batteries

Published on: November 10, 2014

Chemical Synthesis of Porous Barium Titanate Thin Film and Thermal Stabilization of Ferroelectric Phase by Porosity-Induced Strain

Chemical Synthesis of Porous Barium Titanate Thin Film and Thermal Stabilization of Ferroelectric Phase by Porosity-Induced Strain

Published on: March 27, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques

Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques

Published on: November 11, 2013

$In Situ Neutron Powder Diffraction Using Custom-made Lithium-ion Batteries$

In Situ Neutron Powder Diffraction Using Custom-made Lithium-ion Batteries

Published on: November 10, 2014

Chemical Synthesis of Porous Barium Titanate Thin Film and Thermal Stabilization of Ferroelectric Phase by Porosity-Induced Strain

Chemical Synthesis of Porous Barium Titanate Thin Film and Thermal Stabilization of Ferroelectric Phase by Porosity-Induced Strain

Published on: March 27, 2018

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrochemistry
Energy Storage

Background:

Co-free Li-rich Mn-based cathode materials (Co-free LRMOs) are promising for next-generation lithium-ion batteries due to cost, capacity, and eco-friendliness.
High-voltage operation of Co-free LRMOs causes issues like oxygen release and structural degradation, exacerbated by the absence of cobalt.
Developing stable Co-free LRMOs is crucial for advancing high-performance energy storage.

Purpose of the Study:

To enhance the structural stability and cycle life of Co-free LRMOs.
To investigate the effects of nanoscale dual modification using F and Tb doping.
To understand the underlying mechanisms responsible for improved electrochemical performance.

Main Methods:

A simple one-step solid-phase reaction strategy was employed for nanoscale dual modification.
Co-free LRMOs were doped with Fluorine (F) and Terbium (Tb).
Electrochemical performance (discharge capacity, cycle retention) and structural stability were evaluated.

Main Results:

The dual F and Tb doping resulted in excellent structural stability, retaining 95.1% of initial capacity after 300 cycles.
This capacity retention is the highest reported for Ni/Mn-based Li-rich materials.
While rate performance was not significantly improved, stability was greatly enhanced.

Conclusions:

Nanoscale dual doping with F and Tb effectively improves the structural integrity and cycle life of Co-free LRMOs.
F doping increases oxygen vacancies and Ni3+ concentration, while Tb doping suppresses oxygen release and improves ion/electron transport.
This dual modification strategy offers a viable pathway for developing advanced cathode materials for safer and more durable lithium-ion batteries.