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A new positively charged fluorophore enables rapid detection of the harmful reducing agent sodium dithionite (Na2S2O4) in just 2 seconds. This advance in fluorogenic sensing offers faster, more reliable monitoring of food additives and biological systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Chemical Sensing
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Activity-based fluorogenic sensing is crucial for detecting labile analytes but is limited by slow reaction kinetics.
  • The rapid decomposition of sodium dithionite (Na2S2O4) hinders the reliability of traditional fluorogenic probes in real-world applications.
  • Developing probes with accelerated reaction rates is essential for timely and accurate analyte detection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer a signaling reporter strategy that accelerates azoreduction reactions for rapid sensing of sodium dithionite (Na2S2O4).
  • To investigate the effect of fluorophore charge on the sensing performance of azo-based probes.
  • To develop a robust tool for the timely detection of Na2S2O4 in food and biological systems.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis and comparison of four azo-based fluorogenic probes with varying fluorophore charges (positive, zwitterionic, neutral, negative).
  • Evaluation of probe response kinetics, focusing on the acceleration of azoreduction reactions.
  • Application of the optimized probe for direct detection of Na2S2O4 in food samples and visualization in living systems.

Main Results:

  • The cationic probe, Azo-Pos, featuring a positively charged anthocyanin fluorophore, exhibited an ultrafast fluorogenic response of approximately 2 seconds.
  • Azo-Pos demonstrated the fastest response kinetics (k'=0.373 s⁻¹) compared to zwitterionic (k'=0.031 s⁻¹), neutral (k'=0.013 s⁻¹), and anionic (k'=0.003 s⁻¹) probes.
  • The positively charged fluorophore enhanced Na2S2O4 anion recognition via electrostatic attraction, significantly accelerating the sensing reaction.

Conclusions:

  • The developed Azo-Pos probe provides a rapid and reliable method for detecting labile sodium dithionite (Na2S2O4).
  • This signaling reporter engineering strategy is versatile and can be applied to develop probes for other unstable analytes.
  • The findings offer a promising tool for monitoring excessive food additives and biological invasion of harmful Na2S2O4.