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Cotton-wool spots.

G C Brown, M M Brown, T Hiller

    Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.)
    |January 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

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    Cotton-wool spots in the eye, even a single one, can indicate serious underlying health issues like diabetes or hypertension. Prompt medical investigation is crucial for early diagnosis and treatment of these systemic conditions.

    Area of Science:

    • Ophthalmology
    • Internal Medicine
    • Vascular Medicine

    Background:

    • Cotton-wool spots (CWS) are retinal nerve fiber layer infarcts.
    • Their presence can signify various systemic and ocular diseases.
    • Differential diagnosis is essential for appropriate patient management.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the underlying etiologies of cotton-wool spots in patients without known diabetes mellitus.
    • To determine the diagnostic yield of a systemic workup in patients presenting with CWS.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective analysis of 24 consecutive patients with CWS.
    • Exclusion of patients with pre-existing diabetes mellitus.
    • Comprehensive systemic evaluation including laboratory tests and imaging.

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    Main Results:

    • Undiagnosed diabetes mellitus (5 patients) and systemic hypertension (5 patients) were the most common findings.
    • Other identified causes included cardiac valvular disease, radiation retinopathy, and carotid artery obstruction.
    • A systemic cause was identified in 23 out of 24 patients.

    Conclusions:

    • The presence of cotton-wool spots warrants a thorough systemic investigation, even in the absence of known diabetes.
    • Early identification of underlying systemic diseases associated with CWS can prevent severe complications.
    • Ophthalmologists should consider CWS as a potential marker for systemic vascular compromise.