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Protocol for Microplastics Sampling on the Sea Surface and Sample Analysis
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Comparative microplastic analysis in urban waters using μ-FTIR and Py-GC-MS: A case study in Amsterdam.

Feride Öykü Sefiloglu1, Cleo N Stratmann2, Marthinus Brits1

  • 1Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)
|May 2, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This study compared microplastic (MP) quantification methods in Amsterdam canals. Micro-Fourier-transform infrared imaging and pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry showed comparable mass concentration trends for microplastics.

Keywords:
Amsterdam canalsFreshwaterMicroplasticsPyrolysis-GC-MSμ-FTIR

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Microplastic (MP) contamination is a global issue in freshwater systems.
  • Current MP analysis often focuses on particle numbers, underutilizing spectroscopic methods for mass estimation.
  • Accurate MP mass quantification is crucial for understanding environmental impact.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare micro Fourier-transform infrared (μ-FTIR) imaging and pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS) for identifying and quantifying microplastics in urban water.
  • To assess the comparability of these techniques for both particle number and mass concentration measurements.
  • To investigate microplastic abundance in Amsterdam's canals, considering location and season.

Main Methods:

  • Two sampling campaigns (summer and winter) were conducted in the Amsterdam canal network.
  • An in-situ volume-reducing pump collected surface water microplastics (10-300 μm).
  • Microplastics were analyzed using μ-FTIR imaging and Py-GC-MS for particle number and mass concentration.

Main Results:

  • Microplastic concentrations ranged from 16-107 MP/m³.
  • Mass concentrations estimated by μ-FTIR were 2.0-789 μg/m³, and by Py-GC-MS were 8.5-754 μg/m³.
  • Both methods showed comparable trends in MP abundance, with variations attributed to inter-methodological differences. Higher concentrations were found in the city center, with seasonal variations noted in high-activity areas.

Conclusions:

  • μ-FTIR imaging and Py-GC-MS provide comparable results for microplastic mass concentration in urban water.
  • Microplastic pollution is elevated in urban centers, with seasonal influences in areas of high human activity.
  • Further research is needed to refine and standardize microplastic mass quantification techniques.