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Has the Incidence of Febrile Convulsions in Childhood Changed During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic?
Monika Kovacs1, Lilla Makszin2, Zoltan Nyul1
1Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.
Insights
The coronavirus pandemic did not increase the number of children experiencing febrile convulsions. SARS-CoV-2 infection is unlikely to raise the risk of febrile convulsions in pediatric patients.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Infectious Diseases
- Neurology
Background:
- SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) infection in children often presents asymptomatically or with mild symptoms.
- Febrile convulsions are a common concern in pediatric neurology.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the incidence of febrile convulsions in pediatric patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.
- To compare the rate of febrile convulsions during the pandemic with a pre-pandemic control period.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of pediatric patients presenting with febrile convulsions at a University Hospital from March 2020 to March 2022.
- Comparison with a control group of children admitted for febrile convulsions from January 2018 to January 2020.
Main Results:
- 51 pediatric patients with febrile convulsions were assessed during the pandemic.
- SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed in 7.8% of these cases, with 3 occurring during the Omicron variant surge.
- The incidence of febrile convulsions during the pandemic was not higher than in the pre-pandemic control period.
Conclusions:
- The number of children presenting with febrile convulsions did not increase during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the control period.
- Current evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 infection is unlikely to be a significant risk factor for febrile convulsions in children.
Abstract:
Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 infection in children is usually asymptomatic or only mild symptoms are typical. The aim of our study was to assess the incidence of febrile convulsions in our own patients with COVID-19. Patients and Methods: In our retrospective study, we reviewed the data of children who presented at our University Hospital from March 2020 to March 2022 with febrile convulsion. The control group were children admitted to the hospital because of febrile convulsions from January 2018 to January 2020. Results: During the coronavirus pandemic, 51 patients were examined with febrile convulsions. The majority (86.3%) of children had their first febrile convulsion during this period. We diagnosed simple febrile convulsions in 40 cases and complicated ones in 11 cases. The family history of febrile convulsion or epilepsy was present in 12 (23.5%) patients. In addition to febrile convulsion, SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed by laboratory testing in 4 cases (7.8%). Three of them had febrile convulsion during the Omicron variant period. Conclusions: During the coronavirus pandemic, the number of children examined because of having febrile convulsions was not higher than in the control period. The coronavirus is unlikely to increase the risk of febrile convulsions.
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