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Updated: Jun 27, 2025

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm
Published on: April 28, 2016
How do the cognitive processes matter in the event-based preschoolers' prospective memory?
Elżbieta Szpakiewicz1,2, Małgorzata Stępień-Nycz1
1Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
Preschoolers demonstrate event-based prospective memory (PM) skills, which improve with age and are influenced by task demands. Cognitive abilities significantly correlate with and partially explain age-related gains in PM performance.
Area of Science:
- Developmental Psychology
- Cognitive Neuroscience
Background:
- Prospective memory (PM) is crucial for remembering future intentions.
- Understanding PM development in early childhood is vital for cognitive frameworks.
Purpose of the Study:
- Examine age, task focality, and cue salience effects on PM in children (2-6 years).
- Investigate the relationship between cognitive abilities and PM performance in preschoolers.
Main Methods:
- 224 children (aged 2-6) performed event-based PM tasks (focal/nonfocal, salient/nonsalient cues).
- Assessed individual differences in cognitive abilities.
Main Results:
- Event-based PM is achievable by young children, improving with age (esp. 3-4 years).
- Focal tasks and salient cues yielded better PM performance.
- PM correlated with fluid intelligence, retrospective memory, inhibitory control, working memory, and language.
Conclusions:
- Age and cognitive abilities are key factors in preschooler PM performance.
- Cognitive abilities partially mediate the age-PM relationship, highlighting their developmental role.
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