Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 27, 2025
08:25
Identification of Circular RNAs using RNA Sequencing
Published on: November 14, 2019
12.2K
Subcellular localization of circular RNAs: Where and why
Susovan Sadhukhan1, Tanvi Sinha1, Suchanda Dey1
1Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
Summary
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are crucial regulators whose cellular location dictates their function. Understanding circRNA localization is essential for deciphering their roles in development and disease.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Genetics
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of RNA molecules with a covalently closed loop structure.
- Their function is largely determined by their subcellular localization and interactions with cellular factors.
- circRNAs play roles in gene regulation at transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the current understanding of circRNA localization within cells and extracellular vesicles.
- To explore factors influencing circRNA subcellular distribution.
- To connect circRNA localization to their biological functions and implications in diseases.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on circRNA localization.
- Analysis of experimental evidence linking circRNA location to function.
- Discussion of challenges and opportunities in circRNA localization research.
Main Results:
- circRNAs are found in various subcellular compartments and extracellular vesicles.
- Their localization is influenced by RNA sequence, structure, and interactions with proteins and other RNAs.
- Subcellular localization is critical for circRNA's regulatory roles in gene expression and cellular processes.
Conclusions:
- Studying circRNA localization is key to understanding their diverse functions in biological processes and diseases.
- Further research is needed to overcome challenges in analyzing circRNA localization and fully elucidate their roles.
- circRNA localization offers potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target.
Related Concept Videos
02:22Regulated mRNA Transport
6.3K
In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing...
6.3K
02:53Ribosomal RNA Synthesis
13.2K
Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
13.2K
02:55The Nucleolus
8.8K
The nucleolus is the most prominent substructure of the nucleus. When it was first discovered, it was considered to be an isolated organelle that forms fibrils and granules. In 1931, the relationship between the nucleolus and chromosomes was first described by Heitz. He observed that the appearance and size of nucleolus varies depending on the stage of the cell cycle. He also noticed constricted regions on different chromosomes clustered together at definite cell cycle stages. These regions,...
8.8K
01:27Post-translational Translocation of Proteins to the RER
5.7K
A sizable fraction of proteins destined for ER are first synthesized in the cell cytosol and then transported across the ER membrane–a process called post-translational translocation. Similar to cotranslationally translocated proteins, these proteins also use the Sec translocon complex to enter the ER lumen.
Targeting proteins to the ER
Hsp40 and Hsp70 chaperone molecules bind the translated proteins in the cytosol to prevent their folding. The chaperone binding helps to keep the signal...
Targeting proteins to the ER
Hsp40 and Hsp70 chaperone molecules bind the translated proteins in the cytosol to prevent their folding. The chaperone binding helps to keep the signal...
5.7K
02:30siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs
16.7K
Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the...
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the...
16.7K
02:28Leaky Scanning
5.1K
During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA. Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
5.1K