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The 4 Mountains Test: A Short Test of Spatial Memory with High Sensitivity for the Diagnosis of Pre-dementia Alzheimer's Disease

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Brain extended and closed forms glutathione levels decrease with age and extended glutathione is associated with

Xin Hu¹, Keyu Pan², Min Zhao¹

¹Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jing-wu Road No. 324, Jinan 250021, China.

|May 3, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Brain glutathione (GSH) levels decrease with age, particularly in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). These changes impact memory and differ between sexes, offering insights into healthy brain aging.

Keywords:

Brain aging Cognitive impairment GSH Visuospatial memory

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Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach

Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach

Published on: February 14, 2014

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Biochemistry
Aging Research

Background:

Oxidative stress (OS) increases during aging, contributing to cognitive decline.
Glutathione (GSH), a key brain antioxidant, is crucial for combating OS.
The age-related changes in brain GSH and their cognitive associations remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate age-related changes in extended and closed forms of brain glutathione (GSH) in specific brain regions.
To examine the relationship between GSH levels, aging, sex, and cognitive function.
To elucidate the neurochemical underpinnings of healthy brain aging.

Main Methods:

Utilized point-resolved spectroscopy and edited spectroscopy sequences.
Assessed extended form GSH in 276 healthy participants (ages 20-70) and closed form GSH in 15 healthy participants (ages 26-56).
Measured GSH levels in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), and occipital cortex (OC).

Main Results:

Extended form GSH levels decreased with age in the PCC.
Sex differences were observed in the temporal changes of extended form GSH in the PCC and ACC.
Positive correlations were found between extended form GSH in the PCC/OC and visuospatial memory.
A trend of decreasing closed form GSH with age was noted in the PCC.

Conclusions:

Brain GSH levels, both extended and closed forms, change during normal aging.
These changes are associated with sex and cognitive functions like memory.
Findings provide foundational knowledge for understanding healthy brain aging neurochemistry.