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Mild cognitive impairment in pemphigus.

Leila Ghadirzade Arani1, Soroor Advani2, Ghazal Mardani1

  • 1Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

International Journal of Dermatology
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Pemphigus patients show higher rates of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and lower cognitive test scores, particularly in executive functions. Higher education may reduce MCI risk in these individuals.

Keywords:
cognitiondementiamild cognitive impairmentpemphigus

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Dermatology
  • Autoimmune Diseases

Background:

  • Pemphigus is an autoimmune blistering disease linked to dementia.
  • Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) often precedes dementia.
  • Previous studies suggest a pemphigus-dementia association.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of MCI in pemphigus patients.
  • To compare cognitive function in pemphigus patients versus a control group.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study involving 80 pemphigus patients and 80 controls.
  • Cognitive function assessed using the Persian version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test.
  • Demographic, disease, and medication data collected.

Main Results:

  • MCI was more frequent in pemphigus patients (55%) than controls (37.5%).
  • Pemphigus patients had lower overall MoCA scores and executive function scores.
  • Increased education level was associated with a reduced likelihood of MCI.

Conclusions:

  • Pemphigus patients exhibit a higher incidence of MCI and impaired executive function.
  • The MoCA test can aid in identifying pemphigus patients with MCI for early intervention.
  • Higher education may be a protective factor against MCI in pemphigus.