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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2025

Author Spotlight: Accurately Assessing Thyroid Hormone-Driven Motor Alterations in Mouse
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Thyroid function variations within the reference range and cognitive function: A two-sample Mendelian randomization

Zi-Wei Yu1, Zhong-Yan Shan1

  • 1Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and the Institute of Endocrinology, The NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.

Journal of Affective Disorders
|May 4, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) within normal ranges may impact cognitive function. Lower TSH was linked to poorer cognitive performance and slower reaction times, while lower FT4 was associated with faster reaction times.

Keywords:
Cognitive functionMendelian randomizationThyroid hormonesThyroid stimulating hormone

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The relationship between normal thyroid function and cognition is not well understood.
  • Thyroid hormones, including TSH and FT4, play crucial roles in brain function.
  • Investigating genetic associations offers a way to explore causal links.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the causal relationship between thyroid function within the reference range and cognitive function.
  • Utilize Mendelian randomization (MR) to assess these associations.

Main Methods:

  • Employed Mendelian randomization (MR) using genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics.
  • Analyzed data for thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) from the ThyroidOmics consortium.
  • Assessed cognitive function metrics including cognitive performance, prospective memory, reaction time, and fluid intelligence from large cohorts (SSGAC, UK Biobank).
  • Utilized inverse-variance weighted (IVW) analysis, supported by weighted median, MR-Egger, and MR-Pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outlier methods.
  • Conducted sensitivity analyses to detect heterogeneity and pleiotropy.

Main Results:

  • Increased genetically predicted TSH within the reference range showed a suggestive association with decreased cognitive performance (P=0.017) and a significant association with longer reaction time (P=0.004).
  • Genetically predicted FT4 levels within the reference range were significantly associated with shorter reaction time (P=4.85×10⁻⁵).
  • Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these findings.

Conclusions:

  • Thyroid function within the normal reference range may influence cognitive abilities.
  • Lower thyroid function within the reference range could negatively impact cognitive performance and reaction time.
  • Further research is necessary to elucidate the precise nature of thyroid function and cognitive relationships.