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Mike Zangenberg1,2, Marie Helleberg3,4

  • 1Afdelingen for Bakteriologi, Mykologi og Parasitologi, Statens Serum Institut.

Ugeskrift for Laeger
|May 5, 2024
PubMed
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Leishmaniasis, a sandfly-transmitted disease, requires increased awareness in Denmark due to imported cases. Diagnosis relies on PCR tests, while antibody tests are best for suspected visceral leishmaniasis.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Entomology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Parasitology

Background:

  • Leishmaniasis is a sandfly-borne parasitic disease with cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral manifestations.
  • Sporadic imported cases in Denmark highlight the importance of recognizing and managing leishmaniasis.
  • Stable incidence with at least ten verified cases annually necessitates ongoing surveillance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review leishmaniasis epidemiology, diagnostics, and treatment in the Danish context.
  • To emphasize the need for heightened awareness of leishmaniasis among healthcare professionals.
  • To guide appropriate diagnostic test selection and treatment strategies based on disease severity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on leishmaniasis.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of diagnostic test performance, including PCR and antibody tests.
  • Discussion of treatment approaches tailored to disease severity.

    • Main Results:

    • PCR tests demonstrate a high positivity rate (17%), making them valuable for diagnosis.
    • Antibody tests show a low positivity rate (1.4%) and are recommended primarily for suspected visceral leishmaniasis.
    • Immunosuppressed individuals represent a high-risk group requiring careful management.

    Conclusions:

    • Increased awareness and prompt diagnosis are crucial for managing leishmaniasis in Denmark.
    • Diagnostic strategies should be tailored, favoring PCR for general detection and antibody tests for visceral cases.
    • Treatment decisions must be individualized based on clinical presentation and disease severity.