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Why are triploid quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) common?

Benjamin Wong Blonder1

  • 1Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, 94720 USA, CA.

American Journal of Botany
|May 5, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Triploidy in quaking aspen is maintained by higher survival rates of triploid individuals and limited unreduced gamete production. Long-lived triploid clones contribute to the coexistence of diploids and triploids in this clonal species.

Keywords:
mixed ploidypolyploidyquaking aspentriploid bridgetriploid sterilityunreduced gametes

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Area of Science:

  • Plant genetics
  • Evolutionary biology
  • Computational biology

Background:

  • Quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) exhibits mixed ploidy, with common diploids and triploids but rare higher ploidies.
  • Triploids typically have low fertility, making their persistence evolutionarily puzzling without a clear role.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the mechanisms maintaining triploidy in quaking aspen populations.
  • Determine the evolutionary plausibility of triploid persistence in this species.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a computational model to simulate key population dynamics: gamete production, reproduction (sexual and asexual), and survival.
  • Model parameters were cytotype-dependent and environment-independent.
  • Employed sampling methods to identify parameter combinations aligning with observed cytotype frequencies.

Main Results:

  • Moderate frequencies of triploids can be achieved through various parameter combinations, with few being strictly necessary.
  • Higher survival rates for triploid parents or offspring, coupled with limited unreduced gamete production by diploids or triploids, represent the most plausible scenario.
  • While helpful, high triploid fertility was not essential for maintaining triploid frequencies.

Conclusions:

  • The coexistence of diploid and triploid quaking aspen is statistically probable, especially with long-lived triploid clones.
  • The model suggests that demographic factors like differential survival and gamete production can explain triploid persistence.
  • Environmental variation, not included in this model, may also play a role, necessitating further empirical research or more complex modeling.