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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Frame-by-Frame Video Analysis of Idiosyncratic Reach-to-Grasp Movements in Humans
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Post-error adjustments occur in both reaching and grasping.

Joe Opdenaker1, Jarrod Blinch2, Miranda Scolari1

  • 1Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.

Experimental Brain Research
|May 5, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Post-error slowing (PES) is a cognitive adjustment after mistakes. This study found that post-error adjustments occur flexibly during movement planning and execution, even under increased task demands, supporting intentional error correction.

Keywords:
Error reactivityKinematicsPost-error slowingReach-to-grasp

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Motor Control
  • Human Factors

Background:

  • Post-error slowing (PES) is typically studied in simple tasks using reaction time.
  • Previous research identified PES in pre-movement planning and grasping during reach-to-grasp tasks.
  • The current study aimed to investigate PES under increased cognitive load in a more ecologically relevant task.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore post-error adjustments in a reach-to-grasp task with added cognitive demands.
  • To determine if increased task complexity affects the manifestation of PES.
  • To further understand the flexibility and timing of post-error adjustments in motor behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Participants (N=22) performed a reach-to-grasp task with a choice between target and distractor locations.
  • Kinematic analyses were used to measure movement components and reaction time (RT).
  • Task conditions were manipulated to increase cognitive demands.

Main Results:

  • A significant main effect of task condition was observed on overall reaction time (RT).
  • Increased cognitive demands did not significantly impact post-error slowing (PES) or other post-error adjustments.
  • Post-error adjustments were observed during pre-movement planning, reaching, and grasping components.

Conclusions:

  • Post-error adjustment is a flexible process evident across different stages of motor control.
  • Findings support an intentional account of error reactivity, suggesting adjustments are actively implemented to enhance performance.
  • The study extends the understanding of PES to more complex, ecologically valid tasks.