Unlocking the potential of SiO₂ and CeO₂ nanoparticles for arsenic mitigation in Vigna mungo L. Hepper (Blackgram)

In this study, the interaction effects of NaAsO₂ (1 and 5 μM), SiO₂ NPs (10 and 100 mg/L) and CeO₂ NPs (10 and 100 mg/L) were assessed in Vigna mungo (Blackgram). The treatment of NaAsO₂, SiO₂, CeO₂-NPs and combinations of NPs & As were applied to blackgram plants under hydroponic conditions. After its application, the morpho-physiological, antioxidant activity, and phytochemical study were evaluated. At 10 and 100 mg/L of SiO₂ and CeO₂-NPs, there was an increase in antioxidative enzymatic activity (p < 0.05) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, substantial ROS accumulation was observed at 1 and 5 μM NaAsO₂ and 100 mg/L SiO₂ NPs (p < 0.05). Additionally, at such concentrations, there is a substantial reduction in photosynthetic pigments, nitrogen fixation, chlorosis, and plant development when compared to controls (p < 0.05). The combination of SiO₂ and CeO₂ NPs (10 and 100 mg/L) with NaAsO₂ decreased superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide and improved SOD, CAT, APX, GR, and chlorophyll pigments (p < 0.05). Further FTIR results were evaluated for documenting elemental and phytochemical analysis.