Design, synthesis, and bioactivity evaluation of clindamycin derivatives against multidrug-resistant bacterial...

Our research aims to reduce the bacterial resistance of clindamycin against Gram-positive bacteria and expand its range of bacterial susceptibility. First, we optimized the structure of clindamycin based on its structure-activity relationship. Second, we employed the fractional inhibitory concentration method to detect drugs suitable for combination with clindamycin derivatives. We then used a linker to connect the clindamycin derivatives with the identified combined therapy drugs. Finally, we tested antibacterial susceptibility testing and conducted in vitro bacterial inhibition activity assays to determine the compounds. with the highest efficacy. The results of our study show that we synthesized clindamycin propionate derivatives and clindamycin homo/heterodimer derivatives, which exhibited superior antibacterial activity compared to clindamycin and other antibiotics against both bacteria and fungi. In vitro bacteriostatic activity testing against four types of Gram-negative bacteria and one type of fungi revealed that all synthesized compounds had bacteriostatic effects at least 1000 times better than clindamycin and sulfonamides. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for these compounds ranged from 0.25 to 0.0325 mM. Significantly, compound 5a demonstrated the most potent inhibitory activity against three distinct bacterial strains, displaying MIC values spanning from 0.0625 to 0.0325 mM. Furthermore, our calculations indicate that compound 5a is safe for cellular use. In conclusion, the synthesized compounds hold great promise in addressing bacterial antibiotic resistance.