Optimization of leucomalachite green degradation through electron beam and persulfate oxidation using box-behnken...

This study explored the treatment of Leucomalachite Green (LMG) solutions using an electron beam and sodium persulfate (Na₂S₂O₈), employing Box-Behnken design (BBD) to optimize operational variables such as absorbed dose, initial pH and Na₂S₂O₈ concentration. The findings highlighted an optimal absorbed dose of 4.5 kGy, a Na₂S₂O₈ concentration of 1.0 mM, and an initial pH of 6, leading to a remarkable 97.77% removal of LMG. The adjusted R² for the model indicated a close match of 1.4% between predicted and actual outcomes under these optimized conditions, affirming the quadratic model's suitability for predicting the LMG removal process using combined EB and Na₂S₂O₈. To assess the environmental impact of the LMG treatment, the study applied SimaPro 9.4 with the TRACI tool, examining ten distinct environmental impact categories. The results unveiled that deionized water and Na₂S₂O₈ exhibited a notable impact on global warming (GW) and ecotoxicity (ET) in controlled laboratory settings. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of four scenarios shed light on the environmental implications of different energy sources. Notably, electricity generated from waste incineration demonstrated a substantial influence on all environmental indicators. In contrast, natural gas emerged as the cleanest source for electricity generation, offering a promising avenue for reducing environmental impacts. This study presents a practical method for addressing dye contaminants through the employment of EB in conjunction with Na₂S₂O₈, with potential implications for broader applications.