Myocardial Infarction in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: Results from the Nationwide Readmission Database

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Hematology
• Oncology

Background:

• Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients now have improved life expectancy due to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs).
• Coronary artery disease (CAD) is emerging as a leading cause of mortality in CML survivors.
• TKIs may increase the risk of cardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction.

Purpose of the Study:

• To compare the outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with CML versus those without CML.
• To evaluate in-hospital mortality, 30-day readmission rates, and PCI complication rates.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective cohort study utilizing the Nationwide Readmission Database (2016-2020).
• Included adults hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction who underwent PCI.
• Patients with and without CML were identified using ICD-10 codes and propensity score matching.

Main Results:

• The study identified 2,124 CML patients among 2,727,619 myocardial infarction cases; 888 CML patients underwent PCI.
• CML patients were older and had higher rates of comorbidities like hypertension, diabetes, and prior cardiovascular events.
• No significant differences were observed in in-hospital mortality or 30-day readmission rates between CML and non-CML groups.
• While overall PCI complication rates were similar, CML patients showed significantly lower rates of coronary artery dissection and ischemic stroke.

Conclusions:

• PCI outcomes in CML patients are comparable to non-CML patients regarding mortality and readmission.
• CML patients undergoing PCI may have a lower risk of specific complications like coronary artery dissection and ischemic stroke.
• This suggests that CML itself, or its treatment, might have protective effects against certain adverse cardiovascular events post-PCI.