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Related Concept Videos

Dialysis01:27

Dialysis

302
Renal failure occurs when the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste products from the blood effectively. It can be classified into two types: acute renal failure (ARF) and chronic renal failure (CRF).
Acute kidney injury develops suddenly and can be caused by pre-renal causes (e.g., hypovolemia, shock), intrinsic renal causes (e.g., acute tubular necrosis), or post-renal causes (e.g., urinary obstruction). In contrast, chronic renal failure progresses gradually over time and is often...
302
Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments01:11

Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments

88
In patients with renal impairment, drugs undergo significant changes in their pharmacokinetics, which require dosage adjustments to ensure safe and effective therapy.
Reduced renal clearance and elimination rate are common outcomes of renal impairment. These alterations lead to a prolonged elimination half-life and an altered apparent volume of distribution for drugs. As a result, dosage adjustments are typically necessary to maintain optimal drug levels in the body.
However, dosage adjustments...
88
Heart Failure Drugs: Diuretics01:22

Heart Failure Drugs: Diuretics

370
Heart failure and kidney perfusion are interconnected in a complex way. Reduced renal perfusion and venous congestion are two significant factors that contribute to renal dysfunction in heart failure. The kidneys, primarily responsible for fluid balance in the body, are adversely affected due to compromised cardiac output and increased venous pressure. In response to reduced renal perfusion, the kidneys activate neurohumoral mechanisms to restore balance. However, these mechanisms can be...
370
Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment01:17

Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment

91
Renal dysfunction significantly impairs the renal clearance of drugs, leading to potential complications in drug therapy. Renal failure, which can be caused by various factors, poses a significant challenge in the elimination of drugs from the body.
One condition associated with renal failure is uremia. Uremia is characterized by impaired glomerular filtration and fluid accumulation in the body. This condition hinders the renal clearance of drugs, resulting in drug accumulation and potential...
91
Nephrons01:10

Nephrons

2.4K
The kidneys are intricate organs with millions of working units known as nephrons. Each nephron features two major structures: the renal corpuscle, which facilitates blood plasma filtration, and the renal tubule, which handles the glomerular filtrate. Blood supply is directly linked to the nephrons. The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus, a capillary network, and the Bowman's capsule, a double-walled epithelial structure that encases the glomerulus. The filtering of blood plasma...
2.4K
Renal Corpuscle01:20

Renal Corpuscle

2.0K
The glomerulus and Bowman's capsule are two essential components of the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney. These microscopic structures play a critical role in the process of blood filtration to produce urine.
Glomerulus: Structure and Function
The glomerulus is a tiny, intricate network of capillaries located at the beginning of the nephron. It's enveloped by the Bowman's capsule and receives its blood supply from an afferent arteriole, which divides into numerous...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2025

Measuring Frailty in HIV-infected Individuals. Identification of Frail Patients is the First Step to Amelioration and Reversal of Frailty
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Measuring Frailty in HIV-infected Individuals. Identification of Frail Patients is the First Step to Amelioration and Reversal of Frailty

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Frailty in patients on dialysis.

Gordon Chun-Kau Chan1, Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh2, Jack Kit-Chung Ng1

  • 1Carol & Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China.

Kidney International
|May 5, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Frailty, a decline in physical and cognitive function, significantly impacts dialysis patients, increasing risks. Management requires a multidisciplinary approach to slow functional decline.

Keywords:
dialysisend-stage kidney diseasefrailtyoutcome

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Geriatrics
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Frailty is prevalent in dialysis patients, marked by physiological and cognitive decline.
  • Symptoms include weight loss, exhaustion, low activity, weakness, and slow walking speed.
  • Frail patients face higher risks of hospitalization, infection, cardiovascular events, and mortality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the causes of frailty in patients undergoing dialysis.
  • To examine management strategies and challenges for frailty in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of frailty in dialysis patients.
  • Analysis of contributing medical issues and interactions.
  • Exploration of multidisciplinary management approaches.

Main Results:

  • Frailty results from complex interactions of medical issues in dialysis patients.
  • No cure exists; management focuses on slowing functional decline.
  • Multifaceted strategies are essential for addressing frailty.

Conclusions:

  • Optimizing nutrition and CKD complications is crucial.
  • Deprescription and personalized dialysis prescriptions are key interventions.
  • Home-based or assisted dialysis may benefit frail patients.