Evaluation of systemic immune-inflammation index for predicting severity of lower extremity arterial disease

Area of Science:

• Vascular Medicine
• Inflammation Biomarkers
• Peripheral Artery Disease

Background:

• The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) is a marker of inflammation and immune cell activity.
• Previous studies have demonstrated the predictive value of SII in cardiovascular diseases like coronary artery disease and heart failure.
• The role of SII in lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD) remains less explored.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the predictive value of the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) in patients diagnosed with lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD).
• To assess the correlation between SII and the severity of LEAD, classified by the Trans-Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus (TASC II) criteria.

Main Methods:

• A cohort of 271 patients with LEAD was analyzed.
• Blood samples were collected for complete blood count and biochemical variables.
• The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) was calculated for each patient.
• Disease severity was categorized using the TASC II classification.

Main Results:

• Patients with more severe LEAD (TASC C-D) were found to have significantly higher SII values compared to those with less severe disease (TASC A-B).
• SII demonstrated a significant positive correlation with LEAD severity (r = 0.363, p < .001).
• A SII value of 664.24 effectively predicted TASC C-D disease with 60.8% sensitivity and 73.3% specificity.

Conclusions:

• Elevated systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) may indicate a higher probability of complex lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD).
• The findings suggest a potential link between systemic inflammation, as measured by SII, and the severity of peripheral artery disease.
• This relationship aligns with the known shared pathophysiology between coronary artery disease and peripheral artery disease.