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Workability of Concrete01:25

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The workability of concrete is a crucial property that affects its handling, placing, and finishing during construction. It describes the ease with which concrete can be mixed, placed, compacted, and finished. Workability is primarily concerned with the concrete's movement and its ability to resist internal friction and external resistance from molds and reinforcements during the application process.
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The workability of concrete is a critical characteristic that influences the ease of mixing, handling, and finishing the concrete. It is affected by several factors including water content, aggregate properties, and admixtures like air entrainment. Water plays a fundamental role as it lubricates the concrete mix, facilitating easier movement and placement. However, the water requirement varies depending on the texture and shape of aggregates. Finer particles and angular, rough-textured...
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This example deals with managing the workability of concrete for a raft foundation project under hot weather conditions. Workability is crucial for ensuring the concrete is easy to place, compact, and finish. In this scenario, a slump test — a common method to measure the workability of fresh concrete — initially indicated low workability. This was attributed to the rapid water loss from the concrete mix, exacerbated by the high temperatures causing the course aggregates to heat up.
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Cocainism--a workable model for recovery.

D H Angres1, W H Benson

  • 1Parkside Recovery Center, Lombard, Illinois.

Psychiatric Medicine
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cocaine dependence, or cocainism, is viewed as a primary disease within the spectrum of chemical dependence. This model emphasizes psychological addiction and compulsive use as key diagnostic indicators, advocating for integrated treatment approaches.

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Area of Science:

  • Addictionology
  • Psychiatry
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Cocaine dependence is conceptualized as a primary disease, part of the broader spectrum of chemical dependence.
  • Pure cocainism is rare; cocaine often acts as a 'Great Precipitator' in polyaddicted individuals, triggering a crisis.
  • This model treats cocainism as a primary disease, not a symptom of other psychiatric conditions, similar to alcoholism.

Observation:

  • Diagnosis of cocainism is primarily based on intense psychological addiction and persistent, uncontrolled, compulsive cocaine use.
  • This compulsive use continues despite destructive consequences, serving as the disease's hallmark symptom.
  • Psychiatric complications, like cocaine-induced psychosis and protracted depression during abstinence, can persist.

Findings:

  • Psychiatric complications may resolve during treatment without immediate psychotropic medication.
  • Dual diagnosis patients with co-existing cocaine dependence and other psychiatric illnesses benefit from simultaneous, aggressive treatment.
  • Multidisciplinary treatment teams, group processes, and peer therapy are effective modalities.

Implications:

  • This model offers a framework for understanding and treating cocaine dependence as a distinct disease.
  • Integrated treatment for dual diagnosis patients can lead to successful outcomes.
  • The approach highlights the importance of a supportive, team-based therapeutic environment.