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Lost in Rotation: How TiO2 and ZnO Nanoparticles Disrupt Coordinated Epithelial Cell Rotation.

Jie Yan Cheryl Koh1,2, Liuying Chen1, Lingyan Gong3

  • 1School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|May 6, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Metal oxide nanoparticles disrupt coordinated cell movement in human epithelial tissues. Zinc oxide nanoparticles halt cell rotation by increasing reactive oxygen species, while titanium dioxide nanoparticles slow rotation via autophagy.

Keywords:
autophagycell mechanicscoordinated cell rotationnanoparticlesreactive oxygen species

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Nanotechnology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Coordinated cell movement is crucial for tissue organization and development.
  • Disruptions in cell synchronization can lead to developmental disorders and impaired tissue repair.
  • Understanding how external factors affect collective cell behavior is vital for regenerative medicine and toxicology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) on coordinated epithelial cell rotation (CECR).
  • To elucidate the distinct mechanisms by which different NPs perturb CECR.
  • To reveal how NPs interfere with cell-cell communication and cooperation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing micropatterned human epithelial cell clusters.
  • Exposing cell clusters to low, non-toxic doses of zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) NPs.
  • Analyzing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, cytoskeleton organization, cell density, and autophagy activity.

Main Results:

  • ZnO NPs induced intracellular ROS, promoting mitogenic activity and altering cytoskeleton organization, leading to CECR arrest.
  • TiO2 NPs maintained CECR directionality but suppressed rotational speed through an autophagy-dependent pathway.
  • Both NP types, at low doses, demonstrated distinct mechanisms to disrupt collective cell mechanics.

Conclusions:

  • Metal oxide nanoparticles can actively disrupt fundamental cell cooperation and communication mechanisms.
  • NPs hijack nano-adaptive cellular responses to alter collective cell behavior.
  • These findings highlight the potential of NPs to interfere with tissue organization and cellular synchronization.