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Computerized diagnostic decision support systems-Isabel Pro versus ChatGPT-4 part II.

JAMIA open·2025
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Computerized diagnostic decision support systems - a comparative performance study of Isabel Pro vs. ChatGPT4.

Joe M Bridges1

  • 1D. Bradley McWilliams School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA.

Diagnosis (Berlin, Germany)
|May 6, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This study compared ChatGPT4 and Isabel Pro for diagnostic accuracy, finding both generated comprehensive lists. ChatGPT4 showed promise but requires resolution of reference hallucination before clinical adoption.

Keywords:
ChatGPT4Isabel Proartificial intelligencecomputer assisteddiagnosis

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Informatics
  • Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
  • Clinical Decision Support

Background:

  • Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) are evolving with AI.
  • Large Language Models (LLMs) like ChatGPT4 offer potential for diagnostic assistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To validate the diagnostic accuracy of ChatGPT4 against Isabel Pro.
  • To compare the differential diagnosis generation capabilities of ChatGPT4 and Isabel Pro.

Main Methods:

  • A comparative study involving 201 cases.
  • Identical system inputs were used for ChatGPT4 and Isabel Pro.
  • Mean Reciprocal Rank (MRR) and Wilcoxon Signed Rank Sum test were employed for analysis.

Main Results:

  • Both systems produced comprehensive differential diagnosis lists.
  • Isabel Pro had a higher percentage of correct diagnoses (87.1%) than ChatGPT4 (82.1%).
  • ChatGPT4 exhibited higher Recall at initial ranks (1, 5, 10) but fabricated citations and DOIs.

Conclusions:

  • Clinical Diagnostic Decision Support Systems show promise, including LLM-based AI.
  • Clinicians must exercise caution with LLM systems due to potential inaccuracies like hallucinated references and diagnoses.