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Country Differences in Older Men's Hearing Difficulty Disadvantage.

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Men experience more hearing difficulty globally, but this disparity varies significantly by country. Research shows differences in the United States, Mexico, and Korea, highlighting the need for country-specific approaches to hearing health.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Hearing difficulty is a growing concern in aging populations worldwide, with a notable gender disparity observed, particularly among men.
  • Existing research on gender differences in hearing impairment lacks comprehensive international comparisons, especially across diverse socio-economic and cultural contexts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and compare gender disparities in hearing difficulty among older adults (ages 55-89) across the United States, Mexico, and Korea.
  • To examine how demographic, social, and health factors influence the observed gender differences in hearing impairment across these countries.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the 2018 Health and Retirement Study (HRS) international family of studies, including 29,480 respondents.
  • Employed country-specific ordinal logistic regression models to analyze gender disparities in self-reported hearing difficulty.
  • Progressively adjusted models for demographic, social, and health indicators to identify factors contributing to gender differences.

Main Results:

  • A consistent hearing difficulty disadvantage for men was observed in the United States.
  • In Mexico, the gender disparity in hearing difficulty was initially explained by age-group interactions but reappeared after adjusting for comorbidities.
  • No significant gender difference in hearing difficulty was found in Korea across the study period.

Conclusions:

  • The prevalence and gender disparity of hearing difficulty in older adults exhibit significant heterogeneity across countries.
  • Findings underscore the importance of considering country-specific factors, including socio-demographic variables and health conditions, when addressing gender differences in age-related hearing loss.
  • Further research is warranted to explore the underlying mechanisms driving these international variations in men's hearing difficulty disadvantage.