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Long Term Impact of Adeno-tonsillectomy on Immunity Against Respiratory Viral Infections; Evidence Deduced During

Ramaneeshwaran Murugesan1, Prem Sagar2, Rajeev Kumar1

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.

Indian Journal of Pediatrics
|May 6, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Children who underwent adeno-tonsillectomy (AT) showed a significantly higher risk of contracting COVID-19 infection. This pilot study suggests AT may increase susceptibility to viral respiratory infections in pediatric patients.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Otolaryngology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Adeno-tonsillectomy (AT) is a common pediatric surgical procedure.
  • The impact of AT on susceptibility to viral infections, including COVID-19, requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the risk of COVID-19 infection in children who underwent AT versus their siblings.
  • To assess the incidence of symptomatic and asymptomatic COVID-19 infections in the study groups.

Main Methods:

  • A bidirectional cohort control study design was employed.
  • 36 children who underwent AT (cohort) and 27 siblings (controls), all under 18, were recruited.
  • COVID-19 incidence was determined through symptom reporting, diagnostic testing, and antibody measurements.

Main Results:

  • The overall COVID-19 positivity rate was 80.5% in the AT cohort versus 44% in controls.
  • Symptomatic COVID-19 positivity was 68.9% in the AT cohort compared to 16% in controls.
  • Children who underwent AT had 1.8 times higher risk of COVID-19 infection and 4.14 times higher risk of symptomatic infection.

Conclusions:

  • Adeno-tonsillectomy is associated with a significantly higher risk of COVID-19 infection in children.
  • The findings suggest AT may increase vulnerability to other viral upper respiratory tract infections.
Abstract

Keywords:
AdenoidectomyLong-term effects of adeno-tonsillectomyPediatric COVID-19 infectionSARS-CoV-2 antibody testingTonsillectomy

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