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Refraction and ocular biometric parameters in 3-to 6-year-old preschool children : a large-scale population-based
Jingyu Mu1,2,3,4,5, Zengrui Zhang6, Xiaoxiao Wu1,3,4
1Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Insights
Myopia prevalence is low in Chengdu preschool children (6.1%). Key ocular biometric parameters like axial length and corneal radius influence refractive errors, highlighting the importance of early myopia control.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Pediatric Optometry
- Public Health
Background:
- Refractive errors and ocular biometric parameters in young children are crucial for vision development.
- Understanding these characteristics early can inform myopia prevention strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine ocular biometric parameters and refractive error prevalence in 3-6-year-old preschool children in Chengdu, China.
- To investigate factors influencing refractive errors in this age group.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study involving 108,578 preschool children (aged 3-6) across 666 kindergartens in Chengdu.
- Measurements included non-cycloplegic autorefraction, uncorrected visual acuity, and ocular biometrics.
- Univariate linear regression analyzed relationships between biometric parameters and refraction.
Main Results:
- Myopia prevalence was 6.1% among the studied preschool children.
- Mean axial length (AL) was 22.35 mm, with significant age and gender-related variations.
- Axial length, keratometry (K), corneal radius (CR), lens thickness (LT), and vitreous chamber depth (VCD) showed significant linear relationships with refractive error.
Conclusions:
- The prevalence of myopia in Chengdu's preschool children is relatively low.
- Axial length, keratometry, corneal radius, lens thickness, and vitreous chamber depth are key ocular parameters influencing refractive errors.
- The preschool period is critical for implementing myopia prevention and control measures.
Purpose:
To understand the ocular biometric parameters characteristics and refractive errors in 3-to 6-year-old preschool children in Chengdu, China, and to investigate the prevalence of refractive errors.
Method:
A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Chengdu from 2020 to2022 with a total of 666 kindergartens. All children were measured by non-cycloplegic autorefraction and uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and ocular biometric parameters. Finally, univariate linear regression models were used to analyze the relationship between ocular biometric parameters and refraction.
Results:
A total of 108,578 preschool children aged 3-6 underwent examinations, revealing a myopia prevalence of 6.1%. The mean axial length (AL), keratometry (K), corneal radius (CR), axial length/corneal radius (AL/CR) Ratio, central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), and vitreous chamber depth (VCD) were 22.35 ± 0.69 mm, 43.35 ± 1.58 D, 7.80 ± 0.28 mm, 2.87 ± 0.08, 533.31 ± 32.51 μm, 2.70 ± 0.28 mm, 3.91 ± 0.27 mm, and 15.20 ± 0.68 mm, respectively. With increasing age, AL, CR, AL/CR ratio, CCT, ACD, LT, and VCD also increased. Regardless of age, males consistently exhibited longer AL, flatter corneal curvature, shallower ACD, thicker CCT, thinner LT, and longer VCD compared to females. AL, K, CR, LT, and VCD all showed significant linear relationships with SE (all P < 0.001) in univariate linear regression analysis after adjusting for gender and age.
Conclusion:
The prevalence of myopia among preschool children aged 3-6 in Chengdu is relatively low. Ocular biometric parameters affecting refractive errors include AL, K, CR, LT, and VCD. The preschool period serves as a critical phase for myopia prevention and control.
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