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Related Concept Videos

Bioreactor Design and Operational System01:29

Bioreactor Design and Operational System

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Bioreactors are engineered vessels designed to cultivate microorganisms under controlled conditions for industrial bioprocessing. They maintain sterility and allow precise regulation of pH, temperature, oxygen, and nutrient levels to optimize microbial growth and metabolite production. Bioreactors range from small laboratory units of 1 liter to industrial systems holding up to 500,000 liters, though only about 75% of their volume is actively used for fermentation. The remaining headspace...
200

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Engineering Biological-Based Vascular Grafts Using a Pulsatile Bioreactor
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Soft bioreactor systems: a necessary step toward engineered MSK soft tissue?

Nicole Dvorak1, Zekun Liu1, Pierre-Alexis Mouthuy1

  • 1Botnar Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

Frontiers in Robotics and AI
|May 7, 2024
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Summary

Soft bioreactors offer advanced solutions for tissue engineering (TE) of musculoskeletal (MSK) tissues. These systems apply complex, physiologically relevant multiaxial stresses, overcoming limitations of traditional rigid bioreactors for improved graft development.

Keywords:
bioreactorsmechanical stimulationmechanotransductionmusculosketal tissuessoft roboticssoft sensorssoft systemstissue engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Tissue Engineering
  • Bioreactor Technology
  • Musculoskeletal (MSK) Tissue Regeneration

Background:

  • Tissue engineering (TE) aims to create functional grafts for damaged tissues using controlled environments (bioreactors).
  • Mechanical stresses are crucial for musculoskeletal (MSK) tissue growth and maturation via mechanotransduction.
  • Current bioreactors often use oversimplified mechanical stresses, hindering clinical translation of engineered MSK grafts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review traditional rigid bioreactors and their limitations in applying physiologically relevant mechanical stresses.
  • To highlight advances in soft bioreactors for MSK TE, enabling complex multiaxial loading.
  • To discuss the potential of soft bioreactors in developing functional soft tissue engineered grafts.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on rigid and soft bioreactor systems in MSK TE.
  • Examination of bioreactor designs incorporating soft components (chambers, actuators, sensors).
  • Analysis of studies applying complex loading conditions to tissue constructs.

Main Results:

  • Traditional rigid bioreactors are often limited to uniaxial loading, failing to mimic in vivo conditions.
  • Soft bioreactors utilize flexible components to apply multiaxial stresses and enable in situ measurements.
  • Complex loading conditions applied by soft bioreactors show promise for improved tissue maturation.

Conclusions:

  • Soft bioreactors represent a significant advancement over rigid systems for MSK TE.
  • These platforms can better replicate in vivo mechanical environments, promoting functional tissue development.
  • Soft bioreactors hold considerable potential for accelerating the clinical application of engineered MSK grafts.