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Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

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Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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Phase Changes01:19

Phase Changes

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Phase transitions play an important theoretical and practical role in the study of heat flow. In melting or fusion, a solid turns into a liquid; the opposite process is freezing. In evaporation, a liquid turns into a gas; the opposite process is condensation.
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Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition02:33

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Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
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States of Matter and Phase Changes00:59

States of Matter and Phase Changes

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The internal energy of a substance—the total kinetic energy of all its molecules and the potential energy of their associated forces—depends on the strength of the intermolecular forces in the condensed phases and the pressure exerted on the substance. The internal energy of a substance is the highest in the gaseous state, the lowest in the solid state, and intermediate in the liquid state. Phase transitions are caused by changes in physical conditions, such as temperature and...
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Heating and Cooling Curves02:44

Heating and Cooling Curves

22.8K
When a substance—isolated from its environment—is subjected to heat changes, corresponding changes in temperature and phase of the substance is observed; this is graphically represented by heating and cooling curves.
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Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

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Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
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High-Contrast and Fast Photorheological Switching of a Twist-Bend Nematic Liquid Crystal
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Room-Temperature Phase Transition Material with Switchable Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Properties.

Yan-Ling Luo1, Lin Zhou1, Yong-Ju Bai1

  • 1Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, People's Republic of China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|May 7, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a metal-free organic crystal that exhibits switchable nonlinear optical (NLO) properties near room temperature. This material shows reversible "on-off" NLO switching, making it promising for photoelectric devices.

Keywords:
dielectric anomalynoncentrosymmetricoptical switchroom-temperature phase transitionsecond-order nonlinear optic

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Crystallography
  • Optoelectronics

Background:

  • Switchable nonlinear optical (NLO) materials are crucial for photoelectric applications.
  • Metal-free organic crystals with NLO switchability near room temperature are rare.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a novel metal-free organic crystal with room-temperature NLO switchability.
  • To investigate the phase transition and NLO properties of the crystal.

Main Methods:

  • Thermal anomaly analysis
  • Dielectric property measurements
  • Crystal structure determination
  • Nonlinear optical (NLO) property evaluation

Main Results:

  • A metal-free organic crystal, 2-methylpropan-2-aminium 2,2-dimethylpropanoate (1), was synthesized.
  • Crystal 1 exhibits a near-room-temperature phase transition at 303 K.
  • Reversible NLO "on-off" switching with a contrast ratio of approximately 19 was observed.

Conclusions:

  • The discovered crystal demonstrates promising NLO switchability near room temperature.
  • This metal-free organic material is a potential candidate for smart, eco-friendly photoelectric devices.