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Related Concept Videos

Cancer Prevention02:59

Cancer Prevention

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Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
Some...
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Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell02:21

Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell

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Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...
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Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
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Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes01:05

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

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Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
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Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes01:33

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes

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Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
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Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
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Induction of Mesenchymal-Epithelial Transitions in Sarcoma Cells
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Genetic Predisposition to Sarcoma: What Should Clinicians Know?

Jennie Vagher1, Casey J Mehrhoff1,2, Vaia Florou3

  • 1Department of Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.

Current Treatment Options in Oncology
|May 7, 2024
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Cancer predisposition syndromes (CPS) increase sarcoma risk. Management requires careful consideration of radiation and chemotherapy, prioritizing patient safety and shared decision-making for optimal outcomes.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genetics
  • Medical Ethics

Background:

  • Pathogenic germline variants in cancer predisposition syndromes (CPS) are linked to sarcoma development.
  • Identifying CPS is crucial in patients with a history of multiple cancers, strong family cancer history, or early-onset malignancies associated with CPS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline management considerations for sarcoma patients diagnosed with a cancer predisposition syndrome.
  • To emphasize the need for tailored treatment and imaging strategies in this specific patient population.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical guidelines and expert opinion on managing sarcoma in the context of CPS.
  • Adoption of a shared decision-making process with patients and families regarding treatment options.
  • Risk-benefit analysis of radiation therapy and alkylating chemotherapy in CPS patients.

Main Results:

  • CPS diagnosis in sarcoma patients necessitates specialized treatment and imaging approaches.
  • Treatment decisions involve balancing curative potential with the risks of radiation and alkylating chemotherapy.
  • Surveillance strategies aim to minimize ionizing radiation exposure when feasible, but not omit it when indicated.

Conclusions:

  • Shared decision-making is paramount when managing sarcoma in patients with CPS, especially concerning high-risk therapies.
  • Treatment plans should be individualized, weighing the necessity of radiation and chemotherapy against potential long-term risks.
  • Careful selection of diagnostic and surveillance imaging is crucial to limit cumulative radiation exposure.