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Updated: Jun 27, 2025

Isolation, Transfection, and Culture of Primary Human Monocytes
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TRANSCRIPTOMIC DIFFERENCES IN PERIPHERAL MONOCYTE POPULATIONS IN SEPTIC PATIENTS BASED ON OUTCOME.

Evan L Barrios1, Jaimar C Rincon1, Micah Willis2

  • 1Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida.

Shock (Augusta, Ga.)
|May 7, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Researchers studied monocytes in sepsis survivors to understand differing recovery paths. Transcriptomic analysis revealed differences in TNF-α production linked to chronic critical illness, suggesting new therapeutic targets.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genomics
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Sepsis survivors face divergent outcomes: rapid recovery or chronic critical illness.
  • The immunological basis for these distinct clinical trajectories is not well understood at the transcriptomic level.
  • Monocytes are crucial immune cells influencing both innate and adaptive immunity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the transcriptomic response of classical and nonclassical monocytes in sepsis survivors.
  • To identify gene expression patterns associated with different clinical outcomes post-sepsis.
  • To explore potential therapeutic targets for preventing chronic critical illness.

Main Methods:

  • Single-cell RNA sequencing was employed to analyze monocyte transcriptomes.
  • Pathway analyses were conducted to interpret gene expression data.
  • Comparison of transcriptomic profiles between sepsis survivors with different clinical trajectories.

Main Results:

  • Distinct gene expression patterns were identified between monocyte subsets.
  • Differences in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) production correlated with clinical outcomes.
  • Transcriptomic signatures may predict the development of chronic critical illness.

Conclusions:

  • Monocyte transcriptomics reveal distinct immunological responses in sepsis survivors.
  • TNF-α production differences in monocytes are linked to patient outcomes.
  • Targeting monocyte pathways may offer novel strategies for managing chronic critical illness and improving long-term survival.