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Nonlinear EEG Analysis During Motor and Cognitive Tasks in Patients With Long COVID: A Dynamic Systems Approach.

Gislene Diniz Morais1, Pablo Andrei Appelt1, Eduardo de Moura Neto2

  • 1Department of Applied Physical Therapy, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil.

Clinical EEG and Neuroscience
|May 8, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Long COVID patients show altered brain activity patterns during cognitive and motor tasks. Early stages reveal increased activity, while later stages exhibit reduced brain activity and complexity.

Keywords:
COVID-19Long COVIDbrain activitydynamic systemselectroencephalogram

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Medical Research

Background:

  • Nonlinear electroencephalography (EEG) offers insights into brain dynamics.
  • Long COVID is associated with diverse neurological symptoms, including cognitive and motor impairments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare nonlinear EEG parameters in Long COVID patients across various cognitive and motor tasks.
  • To investigate temporal changes in brain activity during the 12-month post-infection period.

Main Methods:

  • A 12-month prospective cohort study of 83 Long COVID patients.
  • EEG recorded at rest and during Trail Making Test Parts A & B (TMT-A, TMT-B) and Box and Blocks Test (BBT).
  • Time-domain nonlinear EEG parameters (activity, complexity) assessed at 0-3, 3-6, and 6-12 months.

Main Results:

  • Cognitive tasks (TMT-A, TMT-B) showed decreased EEG activity and complexity; motor task (BBT) showed increased parameters.
  • Early post-infection (0-3 months): increased activity at rest and during TMT-A.
  • Later stages (6-12 months): reduced activity and complexity at rest and during TMT-A compared to controls.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive tasks initially increase brain activity and complexity, contrasting with a decrease during motor tasks.
  • Long COVID exhibits dynamic changes in brain activity, with early over-activity followed by later hypo-activity in cognitive domains.