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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

623
An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) comprises several components: a radiation source, an atomizer, a monochromator, and a detector. The radiation source can be a hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) or an electrodeless-discharge lamp (EDL), both of which provide a narrow emission line of the required wavelength. However, some instruments use continuum sources and high-resolution monochromators to achieve a narrow range of radiation.
The atomizer used in AAS can be either a flame atomizer or an...
623
2D NMR: Overview of Heteronuclear Correlation Techniques01:18

2D NMR: Overview of Heteronuclear Correlation Techniques

172
Heteronuclear correlation spectroscopy is an analytical technique that investigates the coupling between different types of nuclei, often a proton and an X-nucleus, such as carbon-13 or nitrogen-15. This method is commonly used in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to gain insights into complex chemical compounds' structural and compositional aspects. A typical heteronuclear correlation spectrum displays X-nucleus chemical shifts on one axis and a proton spectrum on the other...
172
Other Nuclides: 31P, 19F, 15N NMR01:16

Other Nuclides: 31P, 19F, 15N NMR

376
Many organic, inorganic, and biological molecules contain spin-half nuclei such as nitrogen-15, fluorine-19, and phosphorus-31. As a result, NMR studies of these nuclei have found extensive applications in chemical and biological research.
While fluorine-19 and phosphorous-31 have high natural abundances (100%) and positive gyromagnetic ratios, nitrogen-15 has a low natural abundance and a negative gyromagnetic ratio. However, nitrogen-15 is still preferred over nitrogen-14 (which has a...
376
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

378
The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
378
Radioactivity and Nuclear Equations03:18

Radioactivity and Nuclear Equations

21.0K
Nuclear chemistry is the study of reactions that involve changes in nuclear structure. The nucleus of an atom is composed of protons and, except for hydrogen, neutrons. The number of protons in the nucleus is called the atomic number (Z) of the element, and the sum of the number of protons and the number of neutrons is the mass number (A). Atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers are isotopes of the same element.
A nuclide of an element has a specific number of protons and...
21.0K
Atomic Mass01:52

Atomic Mass

59.4K
Atoms — and the protons, neutrons, and electrons that compose them — are extremely small. For example, a carbon atom weighs less than 2 × 10−23 g. When describing the properties of tiny objects such as atoms, we use appropriately small units of measure, such as the atomic mass unit (amu). The amu was originally defined based on hydrogen, the lightest element, then later in terms of oxygen. Since 1961, it has been defined with regard to the most abundant isotope of...
59.4K

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Updated: Jun 27, 2025

Neutron Crystallography Data Collection and Processing for Modelling Hydrogen Atoms in Protein Structures
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Neutron Instruments for Research in Coordination Chemistry.

Zi-Ling Xue1, Anibal J Ramirez-Cuesta2, Craig M Brown3,4

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States.

European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry
|May 8, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neutron diffraction and spectroscopy provide unique insights into material structures and properties. This review highlights major neutron instruments for researchers in coordination and inorganic chemistry.

Keywords:
Inelastic neutron scattering (INS)Neutron instrumentsQuasielastic neutron scattering (QENS)Structure elucidation

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemistry

Background:

  • Neutron diffraction and spectroscopy offer unique insights into the structures and properties of solids and molecular materials.
  • Neutron instruments are less familiar to researchers compared to commercial X-ray diffractometers and optical spectrometers.
  • Understanding the capabilities of diverse neutron instruments is crucial for advancing materials research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present major neutron instruments available in the USA and internationally for materials research.
  • To provide examples of their application in coordination chemistry.
  • To guide researchers in selecting appropriate neutron techniques for their studies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of major neutron diffraction and spectroscopy instruments.
  • Examples of applications in coordination chemistry research.
  • Compilation of similar instruments at global neutron facilities.

Main Results:

  • Detailed overview of single-crystal and powder diffractometers for structural determination.
  • Explanation of inelastic neutron scattering (INS) for magnetic and vibrational excitations.
  • Description of quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) for molecular dynamics studies, e.g., methyl rotation.

Conclusions:

  • Neutron diffraction and spectroscopy are powerful tools for materials characterization.
  • This review serves as a guide to selecting suitable neutron instruments for inorganic and coordination chemistry.
  • Familiarity with these techniques can accelerate discoveries in materials science.