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Extraction and derivatization for perfluorocarboxylic acids in liquid and solid matrices: A review
Monika Stróżyńska1,2,3,4, Katrin Schuhen1,3
1Wasser 3.0 gGmbH Karlsruhe Germany.
Analytical Science Advances
|May 8, 2024
Summary
Perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) are toxic and persistent compounds found globally. This review focuses on crucial sample preparation techniques, extraction and derivatization, for their reliable detection using liquid or gas chromatography.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Chemistry
- Analytical Chemistry
Background:
- Perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) are widely used industrial chemicals with valuable properties like stability.
- PFCAs are persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic, necessitating reliable detection methods.
- Their presence is confirmed in human, biological, and environmental samples worldwide.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review critical sample preparation steps for Perfluorocarboxylic acid (PFCA) analysis.
- To discuss extraction and derivatization techniques for PFCA enrichment.
- To compare Liquid Chromatography (LC) and Gas Chromatography (GC) methods for PFCA determination.
Main Methods:
- Review of extraction techniques applicable to both LC and GC.
- Description of derivatizing agents used for GC analysis of PFCAs.
- Discussion of sample pretreatment, challenges, and method sensitivity.
Main Results:
- Extraction and derivatization are key, time-consuming steps in PFCA analysis.
- Various extraction methods can enrich PFCAs for both LC and GC.
- GC offers a complementary approach to LC-MS/MS for cross-validation.
Conclusions:
- Effective sample preparation is vital for accurate PFCA quantification.
- Both LC-MS/MS and GC methods have advantages and disadvantages for PFCA analysis.
- Further research into optimizing sample preparation can improve detection reliability.
Keywords:
PFOAPerfluorocarboxylic acidsSPEderivatizationextractiongas chromatography‐mass spectrometryMore Related Videos
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