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Related Concept Videos

Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

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The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
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EDTA: Chemistry and Properties01:22

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Polydentate ligands are most widely used in complexometric titrations because they form more stable complexes with the metal ions than mono- or bidentate ligands due to the chelate effect. Examples of polydentate ligands are ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), crown ethers, and cryptands. The most important feature of optimal polydentate ligands is the ability to form 1:1 complexes in a single-step process. Amino carboxylic acid derivatives are frequently used as complexing agents. EDTA is...
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Complexometric Titration: Ligands00:43

Complexometric Titration: Ligands

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Different monodentate and polydentate ligands are used as complexing agents in complexometric titration reactions. The formation of complexes by mono- and bidentate ligands involves two or more intermediate steps, limiting their use as complexing agents. In comparison, polydentate ligands can form complexes with metal ions in a single-step process, facilitating sharper end points. This means polydentate ligands, such as amino carboxylic acid derivatives, are most commonly employed in...
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Diels–Alder Reaction: Characteristics of Dienes01:29

Diels–Alder Reaction: Characteristics of Dienes

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The Diels–Alder reaction brings together a diene and a dienophile to form a six-membered ring. Both components have unique characteristics that influence the rate of the reaction.
Characteristics of the diene
Conformation
The simplest example of a diene is 1,3-butadiene, an acyclic conjugated π system. At room temperature, the molecule exists as a mixture of s-cis and s-trans conformers by virtue of rotation around the carbon–carbon single bond. Although the s-trans isomer is...
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Cooperative Allosteric Transitions01:58

Cooperative Allosteric Transitions

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Cooperative allosteric transitions can occur in multimeric proteins, where each subunit of the protein has its own ligand-binding site. When a ligand binds to any of these subunits, it triggers a conformational change that affects the binding sites in the other subunits; this can change the affinity of the other sites for their respective ligands. The ability of the protein to change the shape of its binding site is attributed to the presence of a mix of flexible and stable segments in the...
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Newman Projections02:06

Newman Projections

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Different notations are used to represent the three-dimensional structure of molecules on two-dimensional surfaces. One of the most commonly used representations is the dash-wedge formula. The dashed wedges, solid wedges, and the plane lines indicate the groups situated behind the plane, coming out of the plane, and in the plane, respectively.
The organic molecules rotate across the single bonds leading to numerous temporary three-dimensional structures of varying energy known as...
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Updated: Jun 26, 2025

Multimer-PAGE: A Method for Capturing and Resolving Protein Complexes in Biological Samples
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D-dimer - a multifaceted molecule.

Devika Tayal1, Prerna Jain1, Binita Goswami2

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Disease, New Delhi, India.

Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation
|May 8, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

D-dimer, a fibrin degradation marker, is generated during normal physiological processes. Elevated levels indicate various conditions beyond thrombosis, offering diagnostic and prognostic insights.

Keywords:
diseaseshaemostatic factorhealththrombosisvascular

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Hematology
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • D-dimer is a unique marker of fibrin degradation, arising from enzymatic interactions.
  • It is generated during physiological processes like hemostasis, thrombosis, and tissue repair.
  • Basal D-dimer levels are normally present in plasma due to fibrin formation and breakdown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the broad clinical utility of D-dimer.
  • To highlight D-dimer's role beyond thrombotic conditions.
  • To discuss its diagnostic and prognostic significance in various diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on D-dimer generation and clinical applications.
  • Analysis of D-dimer's role in established thrombotic conditions.
  • Examination of D-dimer's emerging applications, including COVID-19 prognosis.

Main Results:

  • D-dimer is a key indicator in venous thromboembolism (VTE), pulmonary embolism (PE), deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).
  • Elevated D-dimer levels are observed in numerous non-thrombotic conditions.
  • D-dimer serves not only as a diagnostic marker but also carries prognostic implications.

Conclusions:

  • D-dimer's clinical utility is well-established for thrombotic and non-thrombotic conditions.
  • Its significance extends to prognosis, particularly in critical illnesses like COVID-19.
  • Understanding D-dimer's multifaceted role is crucial for comprehensive patient assessment.