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A study on pulmonary function in children with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome
Chun-Qin Zeng1,2, Hu-Wei Yuan1, Hao-Cheng Wang1,2
1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518038, Guangdong, China.
Insights
Children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome exhibit impaired pulmonary function, with severity correlating to decreased lung capacity and increased respiratory impedance. Monitoring lung function is crucial for clinical assessment and treatment prognosis in pediatric patients.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Pulmonology
- Sleep Medicine
- Respiratory Physiology
Background:
- Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a prevalent condition in children, potentially impacting respiratory health.
- Understanding the specific effects of OSAS on pediatric pulmonary function is essential for effective management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate and compare the pulmonary function and respiratory impedance in children with OSAS versus healthy controls.
- To assess the correlation between OSAS severity and pulmonary function parameters.
Main Methods:
- A comparative study involving 328 children with OSAS (mild, moderate, severe) and 126 healthy controls.
- Utilized sleep respiratory monitoring, pulmonary function tests (spirometry), and impulse oscillometry.
- Analyzed indices including forced vital capacity, maximum ventilation, and respiratory impedance.
Main Results:
- Children with OSAS showed significantly lower pulmonary function indices (e.g., FVC, MVV, IC, TLC) compared to controls.
- OSAS patients exhibited higher respiratory impedance (Fres, Zrs, R5, R20, R35).
- Pulmonary function declined progressively with increasing OSAS severity (severe < moderate < mild).
Conclusions:
- Pediatric OSAS leads to impaired pulmonary function and altered respiratory mechanics.
- Pulmonary function deficits in children with OSAS are directly related to disease severity.
- Regular monitoring of pulmonary function is vital for optimizing clinical care and predicting outcomes in pediatric OSAS.
Objective:
To investigate the pulmonary function of children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.
Methods:
A total of 328 children aged 3 to 12 years old who were evaluated for a sleep disorder from January 2022 to June 2023 were selected as the observation group, classified into mild, moderate, and severe categories based on the apnea hypopnea index. The number of children with mild, moderate, and severe obstructive sleep apnea is 228, 62, and 28 respectively. Additionally, 126 healthy individuals aged 3 to 13 years old undergoing health examinations during the same period were selected as the control group. All subjects underwent sleep respiratory monitoring, pulmonary function tests, and impulse oscillometry. Comparative analysis was performed on pulmonary function indices (forced vital capacity, maximum ventilation, inspiratory capacity, total lung capacity, and inspiratory reserve volume), and respiratory impedance indices (resonant frequency, total respiratory impedance, viscous resistance at 5 Hz, 20 Hz, and 35 Hz). Pulmonary function indices were also compared among patients in the observation group with mild, moderate, and severe conditions.
Results:
In the observation group, the FVC pre% of patients decreased by 10.5 ± 5.99 compared to the control group. The MVV of the control group decreased by 28.10 ± 2.22 compared to patients in the observation group. The IC of the control group decreased by 0.68 ± 0.44 compared to patients in the observation group. The TLC of the control group decreased by 1.354 ± 0.51 compared to patients in the observation group. The ERV of the control group decreased by 0.53 ± 0.30 compared to patients in the observation group. Additionally, the Fres, Zrs, R5, R20, and R35 of the observation group were higher than those of the control group by 10.73 ± 0.18, 1.78 ± 0.24, 0.11 ± 0.17, 0.86 ± 0.13, and 0.02 ± 0.21, respectively. In sum, the pulmonary function indices of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group, while the respiratory impedance indices were higher (P < 0.05). Within the observation group, the pulmonary function indices of severe patients were lower than those of moderate and mild patients, and moderate patients had lower pulmonary function indices than mild patients (P < 0.05).
Conclusion:
The pulmonary function of children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is impaired and varies in severity. There are significant differences in pulmonary function, underscoring the importance of monitoring pulmonary function in these children for clinical assessment and treatment prognosis.
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