Research advances in the molecular classification of gastric cancer

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Molecular Biology
• Genetics

Background:

• Gastric cancer (GC) has a low five-year survival rate.
• Traditional treatments like platinum drugs show limited efficacy and severe side effects for advanced GC.
• Emerging therapies, including trastuzumab and immune checkpoint inhibitors (nivolumab, pembrolizumab), offer improved outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the molecular characteristics of gastric cancer.
• To provide a comprehensive overview of GC classification and treatment advancements.
• To propose strategies for precision medicine in GC based on molecular insights.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of molecular characteristics of gastric cancer.
• Analysis of current GC classification systems.
• Evaluation of treatment advances, including targeted therapies and immunotherapies.
• Discussion of challenges and future directions in GC precision medicine.

Main Results:

• GC exhibits diverse molecular features influencing its behavior and treatment response.
• Trastuzumab and immune checkpoint inhibitors demonstrate significant efficacy in specific GC subtypes.
• Advances in molecular classification are crucial for personalized treatment selection.
• Precision medicine strategies hold promise for improving GC patient prognosis.

Conclusions:

• Molecular understanding is key to advancing gastric cancer treatment.
• Targeted therapies and immunotherapies represent a paradigm shift in GC management.
• Personalized treatment approaches based on molecular profiling are essential for improving survival rates and quality of life in gastric cancer patients.