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Related Concept Videos

Labeling DNA Probes03:31

Labeling DNA Probes

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DNA probes are fragments of DNA labeled with a reporter tag to enable their detection or purification. The resulting labeled DNA probes can then hybridize to target nucleic acid sequences through complementary base-pairing, and may be used to recover or identify these regions.
Radioisotopes, fluorophores, or small molecule binding partners like biotin or digoxigenin, are the most widely used reporter tags for labeling DNA probes. These labels can be attached to the probe DNA molecule via...
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FISH - Fluorescent In-situ Hybridization02:07

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Fluorescence in situ hybridization, or FISH, was developed in the early 1980s and has quickly become one of the most widely used techniques in cytogenetics. Labeled probes are used to bind complementary DNA or RNA sequences on a chromosome or in a region within a cell. Earlier, the probes could only be obtained by cloning or reverse transcription of a DNA template. Currently, the probe oligonucleotides can be synthesized synthetically. Additionally, with the advancement of optical techniques,...
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Protein Dynamics in Living Cells01:19

Protein Dynamics in Living Cells

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Different fluorescence-based techniques are used to study the protein dynamics in living cells. These techniques include FRAP, FRET, and PET.
Fluorescent recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) is a fluorescent-protein-based detection technique used to quantify protein movement rates within the cell. This method exposes a small portion of the cell to an intense laser beam. The laser beam causes permanent photobleaching of the fluorophore-tagged proteins in the exposed region. As the bleached...
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In-situ Hybridization02:31

In-situ Hybridization

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In situ hybridization (ISH) is a technique used to detect and localize specific DNA or RNA molecules in cells, tissue, or tissue sections using a labeled probe. The technique was first used in 1969 for the investigation of nucleic acids. It is currently an essential tool in scientific research and clinical settings, especially for diagnostic purposes.
Types of probes and labels
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Reporter Genes02:11

Reporter Genes

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Reporter genes are a type of protein-coding gene that are often tagged to a gene of interest. Once inside a target cell, reporter genes usually produce visually identifiable characteristics like fluorescence and luminescence when expressed along with the gene of interest. Thus, reporter genes “report” the presence or absence of genes of interest in an organism, determine the gene expression pattern, or track the physical location of a DNA segment or protein in the cell.
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Updated: Jun 26, 2025

Synthesis of Wavelength-shifting DNA Hybridization Probes by Using Photostable Cyanine Dyes
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Hybrid Small-Molecule/Protein Fluorescent Probes.

Masafumi Minoshima1, Shahi Imam Reja2, Ryu Hashimoto1

  • 1Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan.

Chemical Reviews
|May 8, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Hybrid small-molecule/protein fluorescent probes enable advanced cell imaging. These probes visualize protein dynamics, localization, and function with high precision using chemical labeling techniques.

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Area of Science:

  • Chemical Biology
  • Molecular Imaging
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Hybrid small-molecule/protein fluorescent probes are essential for visualizing cellular processes.
  • Diverse chemical protein labeling strategies are used for probe construction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the development of small-molecule/protein hybrid fluorescent probes.
  • To discuss their bioimaging applications in living cells.

Main Methods:

  • Site-specific chemical protein labeling.
  • Enzymatic post-translational modifications.
  • Bioorthogonal reactions and ligand-directed chemistry.

Main Results:

  • Hybrid probes facilitate imaging of protein trafficking and conformational changes.
  • They enable visualization of surrounding bioanalytes and protein dynamics.
  • Super-resolution imaging allows for defined structural visualization.

Conclusions:

  • Small-molecule/protein hybrid fluorescent probes offer versatile tools for advanced bioimaging.
  • Their development and applications continue to expand the possibilities in cellular research.