Sulfonic acid functionalized cellulose-derived (nano)materials: Synthesis and application

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Nanotechnology
• Green Chemistry

Background:

• Cellulose, the most abundant natural polysaccharide, possesses unique properties making it suitable for diverse applications.
• Cellulose-based nanomaterials are increasingly explored for their biodegradability, renewability, and biocompatibility.
• Functionalization of cellulose with sulfonic acid groups enhances its properties for advanced applications.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the developments in sulfonated cellulose-based nanomaterials.
• To highlight their applications in catalysis, water purification, biological/biomedical fields, and fuel cells.
• To provide an overview of chemical modification methods and sulfonating agents.

Main Methods:

• Chemical modification of cellulose and its derivatives (nanocrystals, hydrogels, films, nanocomposites).
• Introduction of sulfonic acid (-SO3H) groups onto the cellulose backbone.
• Utilizing diverse sulfonating agents and controlling substitution regioselectivity.

Main Results:

• Sulfonated cellulose nanomaterials exhibit desirable features like high crystallinity, large surface area, reactivity, and recyclability.
• These materials show significant potential in catalysis, water/wastewater treatment, and biofuel cells.
• The review covers various forms of sulfonated cellulose and their preparation.

Conclusions:

• Sulfonated cellulose-based nanomaterials are promising sustainable bio(nano)materials.
• Their unique properties and diverse applications support their role in alternative energy and product generation.
• Further research in this area can lead to innovative industrial applications.