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Related Concept Videos

Aging01:26

Aging

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2025

Isolate Cell-Type-Specific RNAs from Snap-Frozen Heterogeneous Tissue Samples without Cell Sorting
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Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics analysis of human adrenal aging.

Norifusa Iwahashi1, Hironobu Umakoshi1, Masamichi Fujita1

  • 1Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.

Molecular Metabolism
|May 8, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Aging alters the human adrenal cortex structure and steroid hormone production. This study reveals signaling pathways and macrophages contribute to adrenal aging, offering insights into related disorders.

Keywords:
Activator protein 1Adrenal cortexAgingSingle-cell RNA sequencingSpatial transcriptomicsWNT/β-catenin signaling

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Aging Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The human adrenal cortex has three distinct layers producing specific steroid hormones.
  • Adrenal aging involves structural and functional changes, disrupting hormone balance.
  • Mechanisms of human adrenal aging are poorly understood due to species differences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms underlying functional and structural alterations in the human adrenal cortex during aging.
  • To investigate the cellular and molecular changes associated with adrenal aging.

Main Methods:

  • Single-cell RNA sequencing of the aged human adrenal cortex.
  • Spatial transcriptomics analysis of the aged human adrenal cortex.

Main Results:

  • Layer-specific alterations in signaling pathways contribute to abnormal adrenal structure and steroidogenic cell function.
  • Macrophages play a role in age-related inflammation and senescence of adrenocortical cells.

Conclusions:

  • This is the first single-cell resolution analysis of the aged human adrenal cortex.
  • The findings elucidate mechanisms of human adrenal aging and its link to age-related disorders.